MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated
... All putaminal infusions were performed with MR-guided CED. Each hemisphere received 51 μl of AAV5 encoding green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) at 1.0 × 1013 vg ml − 1 (5.1 × 1011 vg per hemisphere). Histological analysis of the brain showed identically robust localized distribution of GFP within bot ...
... All putaminal infusions were performed with MR-guided CED. Each hemisphere received 51 μl of AAV5 encoding green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) at 1.0 × 1013 vg ml − 1 (5.1 × 1011 vg per hemisphere). Histological analysis of the brain showed identically robust localized distribution of GFP within bot ...
Computational principles underlying recognition
... of the output of each feature detector, yielding a single feature value αi for each feature detector (i = 1, 2, 3). These feature values αi are then attributed with specific weight factors and linearly combined, yielding a prediction of the behavioral response for a given song. Notably, the duration ...
... of the output of each feature detector, yielding a single feature value αi for each feature detector (i = 1, 2, 3). These feature values αi are then attributed with specific weight factors and linearly combined, yielding a prediction of the behavioral response for a given song. Notably, the duration ...
Intermediate
... Besides ocular dominance and orientation columns, several other types of columns are also present in the visual cortex. The most fundamental of these are what might be called position columns. Neurons in V1 have small receptive fields localized at specific positions in visual space. Moving verticall ...
... Besides ocular dominance and orientation columns, several other types of columns are also present in the visual cortex. The most fundamental of these are what might be called position columns. Neurons in V1 have small receptive fields localized at specific positions in visual space. Moving verticall ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... Stimulation (TMS) evidence in favor of the existence of mirror neurons in humans. TMS is a non-invasive method of stimulating the nervous system. Through this electric stimulation of the motor cortex they found enhanced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) distinct from spontaneous potentials in hand and ...
... Stimulation (TMS) evidence in favor of the existence of mirror neurons in humans. TMS is a non-invasive method of stimulating the nervous system. Through this electric stimulation of the motor cortex they found enhanced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) distinct from spontaneous potentials in hand and ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... The implication of AHN in learning and memory is supported by some correlative and ablation studies, as well as by computational modelling. AHN varies amongst different genetic backgrounds in mice and a correlation between the level of hippocampal neurogenesis and the performance in hippocampal-depe ...
... The implication of AHN in learning and memory is supported by some correlative and ablation studies, as well as by computational modelling. AHN varies amongst different genetic backgrounds in mice and a correlation between the level of hippocampal neurogenesis and the performance in hippocampal-depe ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... of the sciatic nerve are suppressed by continuous NGF infusion.16 Chronic hypersensitivities is thought to be induced by increasing glutamate release that causes neuronal death and/or synapse reconstruction. NGF might inhibit these processes depending on its neurotrophic activity. The nociceptive ...
... of the sciatic nerve are suppressed by continuous NGF infusion.16 Chronic hypersensitivities is thought to be induced by increasing glutamate release that causes neuronal death and/or synapse reconstruction. NGF might inhibit these processes depending on its neurotrophic activity. The nociceptive ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... function. It is therefore important to understand the regulatory mechanisms for the activity of STN neurons. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how the intrinsic membrane properties of STN neurons interact with their synaptic inputs, focusing on their generation and the properties of the ...
... function. It is therefore important to understand the regulatory mechanisms for the activity of STN neurons. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how the intrinsic membrane properties of STN neurons interact with their synaptic inputs, focusing on their generation and the properties of the ...
Transcripts/2_18 2
... a. How does the purkinje cell really influence the cerebellar nuclei? It seems like the coding of information, as far as frequency, is very important. The purkinje cell fires two types of spikes: i. Simple spikes are action potentials that most neurons will give off. They are fast to arise and fast ...
... a. How does the purkinje cell really influence the cerebellar nuclei? It seems like the coding of information, as far as frequency, is very important. The purkinje cell fires two types of spikes: i. Simple spikes are action potentials that most neurons will give off. They are fast to arise and fast ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the ...
... (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the ...
Motor-iconicity of sign language does not alter the neural
... word that best represents the meaning of the sign. Multi-word glosses connected by hyphens are used when more than one English word is required to translate a single sign (e.g., BRUSH-HAIR). ...
... word that best represents the meaning of the sign. Multi-word glosses connected by hyphens are used when more than one English word is required to translate a single sign (e.g., BRUSH-HAIR). ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the ...
... (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the ...
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain
... consensus exists as to which is best from a computational perspective (Kaelbling et al., 1996). The brain may implement both approaches and trade off control between them (Daw, Niv, & Dayan, 2005, 2006), as discussed in more detail below. Value Functions The credit-assignment problem is a key proble ...
... consensus exists as to which is best from a computational perspective (Kaelbling et al., 1996). The brain may implement both approaches and trade off control between them (Daw, Niv, & Dayan, 2005, 2006), as discussed in more detail below. Value Functions The credit-assignment problem is a key proble ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... Although there have been numerous studies of giant fiber-mediated rapid escape behavior in Lumbriculus, there have been no physiological studies of the neural control of other movements or locomotor behaviors that are also important to this animal. For example, the neuronal circuits that control thi ...
... Although there have been numerous studies of giant fiber-mediated rapid escape behavior in Lumbriculus, there have been no physiological studies of the neural control of other movements or locomotor behaviors that are also important to this animal. For example, the neuronal circuits that control thi ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Although there have been numerous studies of giant fiber-mediated rapid escape behavior in Lumbriculus, there have been no physiological studies of the neural control of other movements or locomotor behaviors that are also important to this animal. For example, the neuronal circuits that control thi ...
... Although there have been numerous studies of giant fiber-mediated rapid escape behavior in Lumbriculus, there have been no physiological studies of the neural control of other movements or locomotor behaviors that are also important to this animal. For example, the neuronal circuits that control thi ...
Mechanisms of Magnetic Stimulation of Central Nervous System
... passive space constant in the axon fiber (l). Thus, for an axon fiber with spatially homogenous passive parameters, the major factor determining the shape of the membrane potential change, and thus the location of AP initiation during MS, is the gradient of the induced electric field while l will ac ...
... passive space constant in the axon fiber (l). Thus, for an axon fiber with spatially homogenous passive parameters, the major factor determining the shape of the membrane potential change, and thus the location of AP initiation during MS, is the gradient of the induced electric field while l will ac ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... ton 1993, 1994). Several recent reviews have documented progress in this field (Chicurel 2001; Deadwyler and Hampson 1995; Eichenbaum and Davis 1988; Hampson et al. 2001; Nádasdy et al. 1998; Nicolelis et al. 1997). Sharp wire or glass electrodes have the advantage of isolating single cells reliabl ...
... ton 1993, 1994). Several recent reviews have documented progress in this field (Chicurel 2001; Deadwyler and Hampson 1995; Eichenbaum and Davis 1988; Hampson et al. 2001; Nádasdy et al. 1998; Nicolelis et al. 1997). Sharp wire or glass electrodes have the advantage of isolating single cells reliabl ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... presence of extensive mirror-like activity within M1 does not lead to movement. To understand this, we recorded from identified corticospinal neurons in M1 and showed that, although many of these neurons exhibit mirror-like activity, there were major differences in their pattern and extent of discha ...
... presence of extensive mirror-like activity within M1 does not lead to movement. To understand this, we recorded from identified corticospinal neurons in M1 and showed that, although many of these neurons exhibit mirror-like activity, there were major differences in their pattern and extent of discha ...
Nerve Fiber Classification Nerve fibers are classified according to:
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in
... can form heterodimers when expressed in the same cells, thus giving rise to additional possible variants as far as gene regulation (6). To date, colocalization of ERa with ERb has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdaloid nucleus ...
... can form heterodimers when expressed in the same cells, thus giving rise to additional possible variants as far as gene regulation (6). To date, colocalization of ERa with ERb has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdaloid nucleus ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
Mutations affecting neural survival in the zebrafish Danio rerio
... mutation predominantly affects neurons arising after the first wave of primary neurons. We have performed a large-scale mutagenesis screen for embryonic and early larval lethal mutations in zebrafish Danio rerio (Driever et al., 1996). Among the 2383 mutations isolated, we have identified 481 zygoti ...
... mutation predominantly affects neurons arising after the first wave of primary neurons. We have performed a large-scale mutagenesis screen for embryonic and early larval lethal mutations in zebrafish Danio rerio (Driever et al., 1996). Among the 2383 mutations isolated, we have identified 481 zygoti ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.