Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
Commentary The Chick: A Great Model System Becomes Even
... for staining and more sophisticated methods for sectioning, which sprouted a new generation of comparative histologists (mainly in Germany, including von Ebner, Hensen, Rauber, Koller, and Remak) who quickly generated a comprehensive description of the changes in structure of the embryo throughout d ...
... for staining and more sophisticated methods for sectioning, which sprouted a new generation of comparative histologists (mainly in Germany, including von Ebner, Hensen, Rauber, Koller, and Remak) who quickly generated a comprehensive description of the changes in structure of the embryo throughout d ...
the biological perspective
... for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cables” in the central nervous system called tracts, and in the peripheral nervous system bundles o ...
... for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cables” in the central nervous system called tracts, and in the peripheral nervous system bundles o ...
19. Senses General and Special
... a stimulus. If the receptive field is small, precise localization and sensitivity are easily determined. In contrast, a broad receptive field only detects the general region of the stimulus. Although it might seem advantageous for all receptors to have small receptive fields, the number of receptors ...
... a stimulus. If the receptive field is small, precise localization and sensitivity are easily determined. In contrast, a broad receptive field only detects the general region of the stimulus. Although it might seem advantageous for all receptors to have small receptive fields, the number of receptors ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Procedures). gcy-28(ky713) mutants avoided butanone across a range of concentrations that were attractive to wild-type animals (Fig. S1A). They showed reduced attraction, but not repulsion, to other odors sensed by AWC neurons, and were proficient in chemotaxis to odors sensed by AWA neurons (Fig. 1 ...
... Procedures). gcy-28(ky713) mutants avoided butanone across a range of concentrations that were attractive to wild-type animals (Fig. S1A). They showed reduced attraction, but not repulsion, to other odors sensed by AWC neurons, and were proficient in chemotaxis to odors sensed by AWA neurons (Fig. 1 ...
Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... might indicate clinical overlap with sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Functional evidence for a role for Arl6ip1 in both touchinduced and spontaneous locomotion behaviour was provided by morpholino experiments in zebrafish (Novarino et al., 2014). Heterologously expressed ARL6IP1 shows a marked i ...
... might indicate clinical overlap with sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Functional evidence for a role for Arl6ip1 in both touchinduced and spontaneous locomotion behaviour was provided by morpholino experiments in zebrafish (Novarino et al., 2014). Heterologously expressed ARL6IP1 shows a marked i ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... of 84.4% from their initial average response. Responses to PI, however, did not change significantly. Figure 1 shows photomicrographs of the site of the smallest electrolytic NG lesion that had an effect on VPL neuronal responses, in low- ( 12, Fig. 1A) and high-power magnification ( 120, Fig. 1B). ...
... of 84.4% from their initial average response. Responses to PI, however, did not change significantly. Figure 1 shows photomicrographs of the site of the smallest electrolytic NG lesion that had an effect on VPL neuronal responses, in low- ( 12, Fig. 1A) and high-power magnification ( 120, Fig. 1B). ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay between stimulusdependent and interaction-based strategies contributing to the formation of widespread cortical activation patt ...
... describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay between stimulusdependent and interaction-based strategies contributing to the formation of widespread cortical activation patt ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... whether this modulation is primarily linked to saccade initiation or could be related to target selection. We used a method developed by Thompson et al. (1996) to determine the temporal relationship between a neuron’s discrimination of the target and the latency of the subsequent movement. If the ti ...
... whether this modulation is primarily linked to saccade initiation or could be related to target selection. We used a method developed by Thompson et al. (1996) to determine the temporal relationship between a neuron’s discrimination of the target and the latency of the subsequent movement. If the ti ...
PN4235: Motoneurons: from physiology to pathology Module summary:
... potential dysfunction by focussing on one of the most studied and best characterised classes of neurons in the CNS, motoneurons. The first intracellular recordings of neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) were performed on motoneurons (Brock, Coombs and Eccles, 1951). Following these ...
... potential dysfunction by focussing on one of the most studied and best characterised classes of neurons in the CNS, motoneurons. The first intracellular recordings of neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) were performed on motoneurons (Brock, Coombs and Eccles, 1951). Following these ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... Figure 2. Transformations of respiratory rhythm and pattern following sequential brainstem transection in the in situ arterially perfused brainstem–spinal cord preparation from juvenile rat, revealing three rhythmic states of the respiratory network as the circuitry is progressively reduced. Top: pa ...
... Figure 2. Transformations of respiratory rhythm and pattern following sequential brainstem transection in the in situ arterially perfused brainstem–spinal cord preparation from juvenile rat, revealing three rhythmic states of the respiratory network as the circuitry is progressively reduced. Top: pa ...
Reverse engineering the lordosis behavior circuit.
... modules, especially modules that are not adjacent. With this framework, we have carried out refined electrophysiological, neuropharmacological, neuroanatomical, and molecular investigations. Before we apply a reverse-engineering analysis to the extensive database on the modular control of lordosis be ...
... modules, especially modules that are not adjacent. With this framework, we have carried out refined electrophysiological, neuropharmacological, neuroanatomical, and molecular investigations. Before we apply a reverse-engineering analysis to the extensive database on the modular control of lordosis be ...
Identification of the Neuropeptide Transmitter Proctolin in Drosophila
... The elution time was determined using synthetic proctolin with a tritium label on the Tyr residue (New England Nuclear). Each tissue analysis consisted of 4 chromatographs: (1) the tritiated proctolin standard, to determine the retention time of the peptide, (2) 25 pl blank control (see above), (3) ...
... The elution time was determined using synthetic proctolin with a tritium label on the Tyr residue (New England Nuclear). Each tissue analysis consisted of 4 chromatographs: (1) the tritiated proctolin standard, to determine the retention time of the peptide, (2) 25 pl blank control (see above), (3) ...
paper - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... In spite of this active research on the functional level of neural processing, it turned out to be surprisingly hard to relate the computational machinery required for probabilistic inference to experimental data on neurons, synapses, and neural systems. There are mainly two different approaches for ...
... In spite of this active research on the functional level of neural processing, it turned out to be surprisingly hard to relate the computational machinery required for probabilistic inference to experimental data on neurons, synapses, and neural systems. There are mainly two different approaches for ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... 2011), providing a critical foundation for neurophysiological experiments. Second, these vocal exchanges are characterized by the reciprocal exchange of their species-typical phee calls (Fig. 1B) between visually occluded conspecifics (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013) (Fig. 1A). As such, ...
... 2011), providing a critical foundation for neurophysiological experiments. Second, these vocal exchanges are characterized by the reciprocal exchange of their species-typical phee calls (Fig. 1B) between visually occluded conspecifics (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013) (Fig. 1A). As such, ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed that the binding affinity of cocaine and amphetamine for DAT correlate well w ...
... reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed that the binding affinity of cocaine and amphetamine for DAT correlate well w ...
Pattern formation in the nematode epidermis: determination of the
... dependent on the ordered formation of homotypic and heterotypic cell contacts, adhesions, and junctions between cells (Bard, 1990). Both the generation of the cells in the male tail and their differentiation, arrangement, movements and contacts, have been described, making this a favorable system fo ...
... dependent on the ordered formation of homotypic and heterotypic cell contacts, adhesions, and junctions between cells (Bard, 1990). Both the generation of the cells in the male tail and their differentiation, arrangement, movements and contacts, have been described, making this a favorable system fo ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.