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neurophysics.ucsd.edu
neurophysics.ucsd.edu

... sensory feedback and executive commands. A far greater challenge is to understand the coordination of multiple actions. Here, we focus on brainstem circuits that drive rhythmic orofacial actions. We discuss three neural computational mechanisms that may enable circuits for different actions to opera ...
Document
Document

... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit

... Figure 1  Anatomic and genetic characterization of postnatal mouse dSC neurons. (a) Location of thoracic spinal neurons retrogradely labeled from cerebellum with fluorogold (FG). Clarke’s column is marked by the arrowhead. Inset, high-magnification of fluorogold in Clarke’s column. (b) Gdnf mRNA exp ...
Principles of Biology II Lab Manual
Principles of Biology II Lab Manual

... Nervous systems are unique to animals, and are critical for detecting and interpreting information, making decisions, and regulating body functions and movements. Nervous systems are constructed from neurons and glia. Neurons are the main functional cells, while glia play a variety of support roles. ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology

Structural organization of the mormyrid ELL
Structural organization of the mormyrid ELL

... exclusively exafferent EOD input, the processing of which is not disturbed by reafferent input that is irrelevant for electrocommunication (Bell, 1986; Mugnaini and Maler, 1987b; Bell and Grant, 1989). The ventrolateral ampullary zone of the ELL receives a corollary electromotor command input as wel ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets

... N-acetylogalactosamine residues. Proteoglycans are sulphate glycoconjugates, therefore they can be detected by using anionic or cationic iron colloid; this allows differentiation between various groups of neurons with negatively or positively charged PNs (Murakami et al. 2001). The PNs can also be s ...
B S T M
B S T M

... Multiphoton simultaneous imaging and laser stimulation. Laser light stimulation can be adjusted as desired without the user being limited by imaging settings. This is due to the independent FV1000's second scanner (SIM) used for laser light stimulation (available as an option). Connected to SIM-scan ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab

... of actions made by another individual. One third of them, however, similarly to STS neurons, do not appear to have motor-related activity. The other two-third discharge also during the monkey movement and, in most cases, showed the visuo-motor congruence typical of mirror neurons (Gallese et al., 20 ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement

Organization of Cytoskeletal Elements and Organelles Preceding
Organization of Cytoskeletal Elements and Organelles Preceding

Leap 2 - Entire - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
Leap 2 - Entire - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives

energy balance
energy balance

...  Its primary component is a monolayer of endothelialcells forming the outer wall of capillaries and venules.  These microvascular endothelial cells have few fenestrations, pinocytic vesicles, or transendothelial channels, and are joined by tight junctions.  A continuous basement membrane, astrocy ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... referred to as catabolic-effector pathways (9). Both pathways also regulate energy expenditure in ways that complement their effects on energy intake and enhance the overall response to a change in body fat content. Activation of anabolic pathways, for example, increases food intake and decreases en ...
Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and
Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and

... Regulation of neurosteroid synthesis by neuropeptide Y In the frog brain, HST-positive neurons are located in the anterior preoptic area and the dorsal magnocellular nucleus (Beaujean et al. 1999), two diencephalic nuclei that are richly innervated by neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers (Danger e ...
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis

... granules. The large number of Purkinje cells found without Nissl granules are in a particular functional state (p. 14). Two or three dendrites B5 can also be seen to arise from the upper pole of the cell, but the full extent of the cell and all its processes can be made visible only by Golgi impregn ...
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions

... White rami communicantes carry myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk. They are the way preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic trunk. Gray rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the ...
decision-making in the primate brain
decision-making in the primate brain

... studies, however, monkeys did not have a choice about which eye movement to make and thus the link between decision-making and LIP activity could not be directly observed. In a second experiment (Platt and Glimcher 1999), the investigators studied the activity of LIP neurons while monkeys were permi ...
Title here - The Brain Tumour Charity
Title here - The Brain Tumour Charity

... their development is under ongoing investigation, and research is looking at genetic and molecular changes in the cells. Normal cells grow, divide and die in a controlled way, in response to signals from your genes. These signals tell the cells when to grow and when to stop growing. If these signals ...
Matching problems in bioinformatics
Matching problems in bioinformatics

... Select a set of sequences that belong to a function family. Make a multiple alignment. Find a short (not more than four or five residues long) conserved sequence (core motif) which is part of a region known to be important or which include biologically significant residue(s). ...
Quantitative assessment of neurite outgrowth in human
Quantitative assessment of neurite outgrowth in human

11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... • Repeated use of synapse increases ability of presynaptic cell to excite postsynaptic neuron – Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic neuron ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2

Neurochemical and Cellular Reorganization of the Spinal Cord in a
Neurochemical and Cellular Reorganization of the Spinal Cord in a

... processed for immunohistochemical analysis, and femora were processed for evaluation of bone destruction. T wenty-one days was chosen as the time point because significant, but variable, osteolysis had previously been observed between 14 and 21 d after injection of the 2472 osteolytic sarcoma cells ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
PPT - Altogen Biosystems

... among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The HCAEC Cell Transfection Reagent is a nanoparticle-based liposome mediated formulation, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with HCAEC. This cell line is a good host for studying the circulatory syst ...
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Channelrhodopsin



Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.
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