Neurotransmitter Function
... This potential is about -70mV. The potential fluctuates depending on the flow and concentration of ions inside and outside the cell. • depolarized or hyperpolarized ...
... This potential is about -70mV. The potential fluctuates depending on the flow and concentration of ions inside and outside the cell. • depolarized or hyperpolarized ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... the development of effective strategies for disease monitoring and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows noninvasive, longitudinal, and multiparametric assessments of the visual system without depth limitation.20–25 Although there were existing MR reports assessing the effects of NMDA-i ...
... the development of effective strategies for disease monitoring and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows noninvasive, longitudinal, and multiparametric assessments of the visual system without depth limitation.20–25 Although there were existing MR reports assessing the effects of NMDA-i ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... were applied through a circuit built into the Axoclamp-2A recording amplifier whenever an increase in tip resistance indicated possible contact with neuronal membrane. When the initial membrane potential after impalement was more depolarized than ⫺50 mV, steady hyperpolarizing current was applied th ...
... were applied through a circuit built into the Axoclamp-2A recording amplifier whenever an increase in tip resistance indicated possible contact with neuronal membrane. When the initial membrane potential after impalement was more depolarized than ⫺50 mV, steady hyperpolarizing current was applied th ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... forms in vivo near synapses to meet local energy demands and support synaptic function in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. Under conditions of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes redistribute from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to a punctate localization adjacent to synapses. Glycolytic enzyme ...
... forms in vivo near synapses to meet local energy demands and support synaptic function in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. Under conditions of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes redistribute from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to a punctate localization adjacent to synapses. Glycolytic enzyme ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... within 2 kb of RefSeq genes (91%), indicating that a high percentage of the 461 peaks correspond to bona fide TSSs. Indeed, 404 of the 461 (88%) peaks were positioned within 2 kb of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (Table S6). We experimentally tested a subset of the peaks that were positioned more tha ...
... within 2 kb of RefSeq genes (91%), indicating that a high percentage of the 461 peaks correspond to bona fide TSSs. Indeed, 404 of the 461 (88%) peaks were positioned within 2 kb of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (Table S6). We experimentally tested a subset of the peaks that were positioned more tha ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... divisions with few, if any, in the medial division; 2) only a small fraction, about 1%or less, of auditory thalamic neurons are immunopositive; 3) the density of immunoreactive puncta is independent of the number of GABAergic neurons in the thalamic divisions, with the ventral division having the la ...
... divisions with few, if any, in the medial division; 2) only a small fraction, about 1%or less, of auditory thalamic neurons are immunopositive; 3) the density of immunoreactive puncta is independent of the number of GABAergic neurons in the thalamic divisions, with the ventral division having the la ...
Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Nervous System
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
5-28-2007
... Cocaine infusion into cocaine-dependent volunteers leads to significant fMRI signal changes in a basal forebrain region that is populated by cholinergic cells (Breiter and Rosen, 1999). However, the same region has been claimed as part of the ‘sublenticular extended amygdala’, a continuum between t ...
... Cocaine infusion into cocaine-dependent volunteers leads to significant fMRI signal changes in a basal forebrain region that is populated by cholinergic cells (Breiter and Rosen, 1999). However, the same region has been claimed as part of the ‘sublenticular extended amygdala’, a continuum between t ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... Moreover, dopaminergic fibers have high thresholds for activation and are not directly depolarized by stimulation at the parameters traditionally used in these studies ŽYeomans et al., 1988.. Thus it is presumed that the dopaminergic link in reward circuitry is trans-synaptically activated by the mo ...
... Moreover, dopaminergic fibers have high thresholds for activation and are not directly depolarized by stimulation at the parameters traditionally used in these studies ŽYeomans et al., 1988.. Thus it is presumed that the dopaminergic link in reward circuitry is trans-synaptically activated by the mo ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... Virus accesses CNS by first entering muscle cells; then passes into motor neurons at neuromuscular junction; travels length of axon by retrograde axonal transport until reaching spinal cord ...
... Virus accesses CNS by first entering muscle cells; then passes into motor neurons at neuromuscular junction; travels length of axon by retrograde axonal transport until reaching spinal cord ...
Reticular Formation
... Its axons have long ascending and decsending branches which are highly collateralized throughout the entire CNS neuraxis; effects activation of the entire CNS during stress (anxiety). ...
... Its axons have long ascending and decsending branches which are highly collateralized throughout the entire CNS neuraxis; effects activation of the entire CNS during stress (anxiety). ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
Psychology Chapter A - Oxford University Press
... the railway tracks out of the station directly to Cape Town. Similarly, the message travels down the neuron axon which transmits the message to other neurons. The axon goes straight to the terminal buttons or axon terminals (this would be Cape Town station for the train on which you are travelling). ...
... the railway tracks out of the station directly to Cape Town. Similarly, the message travels down the neuron axon which transmits the message to other neurons. The axon goes straight to the terminal buttons or axon terminals (this would be Cape Town station for the train on which you are travelling). ...
Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... 0166-4328/96/$15.00 © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0166-4328(95)00193-X ...
... 0166-4328/96/$15.00 © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0166-4328(95)00193-X ...
uncorrected proof - Illinois State University Websites
... This allowed us to test the necessity of the cilium for magnetoreception independently from the villi in AFD. Mutations in bbs-8, nphp-1, che-13, and xbx-1 result in lesions localized to AFD’s sensory cilium. BBS-8 expression is localized to the basal body of the cilium at the transition zone at the ...
... This allowed us to test the necessity of the cilium for magnetoreception independently from the villi in AFD. Mutations in bbs-8, nphp-1, che-13, and xbx-1 result in lesions localized to AFD’s sensory cilium. BBS-8 expression is localized to the basal body of the cilium at the transition zone at the ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.