Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... Interestingly, in the sub-family of helitothine moths consisting of numerous related species some of which are sympatric, the male-specific olfactory system has evolved a system not only for detecting pheromones from conspecific females, but also an arrangement for detecting signals from sympatric f ...
... Interestingly, in the sub-family of helitothine moths consisting of numerous related species some of which are sympatric, the male-specific olfactory system has evolved a system not only for detecting pheromones from conspecific females, but also an arrangement for detecting signals from sympatric f ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... types of dyes injected. Injections of WGA-HRP (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were placed in prefrontal cortices in four animals and fluorescent dyes (fast blue, diamidino yellow, or rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres) were injected in five animals. Another case available for study of anterograde label had ...
... types of dyes injected. Injections of WGA-HRP (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were placed in prefrontal cortices in four animals and fluorescent dyes (fast blue, diamidino yellow, or rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres) were injected in five animals. Another case available for study of anterograde label had ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior ectoElectrophysiologicalmapping sylvian and the middle suprasylvian sulci, which in the In some of the animals that received brain injections, a ferret delineate A1 (Kelly et al., '86; Phillips et al., '88). The visual field map was made by recordi ...
... within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior ectoElectrophysiologicalmapping sylvian and the middle suprasylvian sulci, which in the In some of the animals that received brain injections, a ferret delineate A1 (Kelly et al., '86; Phillips et al., '88). The visual field map was made by recordi ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
Hearing Physiology - Virtual Learning Environment
... Auditory Masking It happens when individual’s ability to hear one sound is decreased through the presence of another sound. It occurs as the previous neural activity caused by the first signal is reduced through the neural activity of the other sound. The degree to which a given sound masks other so ...
... Auditory Masking It happens when individual’s ability to hear one sound is decreased through the presence of another sound. It occurs as the previous neural activity caused by the first signal is reduced through the neural activity of the other sound. The degree to which a given sound masks other so ...
Perception of an odour that is not real
... Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Third order neurons in turn send projections to Dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus ...
... Some fibres decussate in the anterior commisure Medial strial fibres contact the anterior olfactory nucleus and septal area Lateral striae end in the third order neurons of the olfactory cortex Third order neurons in turn send projections to Dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus ...
Pain
... Sensation characteristic of each sensory neuron is that produced by its normal or adequate stimulus. Adequate stimulus: ...
... Sensation characteristic of each sensory neuron is that produced by its normal or adequate stimulus. Adequate stimulus: ...
BCM Theory
... background input from MFs. This disconnection of the CFs removed any variability in PCs, such as the complex spikes, making it possible to lump the activity of the PC population together. We also verified the equivalence of the two models by following the trajectory of the PC population output and ...
... background input from MFs. This disconnection of the CFs removed any variability in PCs, such as the complex spikes, making it possible to lump the activity of the PC population together. We also verified the equivalence of the two models by following the trajectory of the PC population output and ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... weak contractions of ED such that both units remained active. During the contractions, the forces exerted by individual fingers were not specified; rather, subjects were instructed to maintain the discharge of the two units at low rates while also keeping some level of tension on each finger. Intram ...
... weak contractions of ED such that both units remained active. During the contractions, the forces exerted by individual fingers were not specified; rather, subjects were instructed to maintain the discharge of the two units at low rates while also keeping some level of tension on each finger. Intram ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... has been no straightforward neurophysiological investigation of shape selectivity in FEF, probably as a consequence of its known dense connections with dorsal stream areas. A variety of recent reports, on the other hand, have shown that several areas in the parietal cortex, considered to be late sta ...
... has been no straightforward neurophysiological investigation of shape selectivity in FEF, probably as a consequence of its known dense connections with dorsal stream areas. A variety of recent reports, on the other hand, have shown that several areas in the parietal cortex, considered to be late sta ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression
... strength ,in response to neurotransmission. Recent ...
... strength ,in response to neurotransmission. Recent ...
Slide 1
... Optical Mapping provided significant insights into the relationships between the isolates studied, detecting different degrees of similarity between chromosomes of different serovars, largely due to different patterns of insertions and deletions. Visual inspection of the comparisons between LT2 and ...
... Optical Mapping provided significant insights into the relationships between the isolates studied, detecting different degrees of similarity between chromosomes of different serovars, largely due to different patterns of insertions and deletions. Visual inspection of the comparisons between LT2 and ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... miss one of the links of the chain, or mix up their order you will fail to solve the problem.’’ (Bernstein, 1996, p. 146). 2.1. Essential elements of action In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is ...
... miss one of the links of the chain, or mix up their order you will fail to solve the problem.’’ (Bernstein, 1996, p. 146). 2.1. Essential elements of action In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is ...
Hes1 and Hes3 regulate maintenance of the isthmic organizer and
... (Wilkinson et al., 1987). Thus, the isthmic organizer seems to be maintained at least until E14.5 in mice. Although the genes that establish the isthmic organizer, such as homeobox genes, have been characterized extensively, the mechanism by which the organizer is maintained during embryogenesis is ...
... (Wilkinson et al., 1987). Thus, the isthmic organizer seems to be maintained at least until E14.5 in mice. Although the genes that establish the isthmic organizer, such as homeobox genes, have been characterized extensively, the mechanism by which the organizer is maintained during embryogenesis is ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
... learning-dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium-dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike-frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, wit ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... Figure 4. Increase of reward responses of amygdala neurons with increasing reward prediction (increasing instantaneous reward probability). Same code as in figure 3. (a) Single neuron. (b) Averaged population responses (n ¼ 25 neurons) (adapted from [55]). (Online version in colour.) depends on the ...
... Figure 4. Increase of reward responses of amygdala neurons with increasing reward prediction (increasing instantaneous reward probability). Same code as in figure 3. (a) Single neuron. (b) Averaged population responses (n ¼ 25 neurons) (adapted from [55]). (Online version in colour.) depends on the ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... Microvilli project to taste pore Not neurons by standard histological criteria but do form synapses to gustatory ganglion neurons (as well as to basal cells) Receptor potential: Voltage shift occur when taste cells are activated by chemicals Slide 8 ...
... Microvilli project to taste pore Not neurons by standard histological criteria but do form synapses to gustatory ganglion neurons (as well as to basal cells) Receptor potential: Voltage shift occur when taste cells are activated by chemicals Slide 8 ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... responsible for spike frequency adaptation as described by Destexhe et al. (2001) for a single compartment neuron model. Parameters for the model were taken from Destexhe et al. (2001): g leak ⫽ 0.045 mS/cm 2, E leak ⫽ ⫺80 mV, C ⫽ 1 F/cm 2. For the inhibitory background conductance, g 0 ⫽ 57.0 nS, ...
... responsible for spike frequency adaptation as described by Destexhe et al. (2001) for a single compartment neuron model. Parameters for the model were taken from Destexhe et al. (2001): g leak ⫽ 0.045 mS/cm 2, E leak ⫽ ⫺80 mV, C ⫽ 1 F/cm 2. For the inhibitory background conductance, g 0 ⫽ 57.0 nS, ...
Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for cell type identification
... Central nervous system consists of a myriad of cell types, including neurons, glias, endothelial cells, etc. On top of it, each cell type can be further subdivided into many different subtypes [4,27]. Considering that the neuronal circuit is an assembly of various neuronal types, the identification ...
... Central nervous system consists of a myriad of cell types, including neurons, glias, endothelial cells, etc. On top of it, each cell type can be further subdivided into many different subtypes [4,27]. Considering that the neuronal circuit is an assembly of various neuronal types, the identification ...
Word - The Open University
... acid, DNA, molecules found in each cell. These molecules are the genetic material, and they store the information for the construction of the organism. The same set of DNA molecules is found in every cell of an organism (its genome). (There are some exceptions to this such as sperm, unfertilised egg ...
... acid, DNA, molecules found in each cell. These molecules are the genetic material, and they store the information for the construction of the organism. The same set of DNA molecules is found in every cell of an organism (its genome). (There are some exceptions to this such as sperm, unfertilised egg ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination is not homogeneous: there appear to exist large ...
... In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination is not homogeneous: there appear to exist large ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.