Cellular Respiration
... Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), ATP synthesis powered by the flow which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Of H+ back across the membrane ...
... Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), ATP synthesis powered by the flow which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Of H+ back across the membrane ...
Photosynthesis/Cell Resp Notes
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
Main Concepts Muscle structure, Oxidation of fats, Muscle types
... 13. The tissues of the human body are able to utilise a variety of food compounds as fuels to supply their energy needs. These fuel molecules include glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. All of these molecules can be converted to acetyl–CoA by a variety of biochemical pathways. 14. The brain relies ...
... 13. The tissues of the human body are able to utilise a variety of food compounds as fuels to supply their energy needs. These fuel molecules include glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. All of these molecules can be converted to acetyl–CoA by a variety of biochemical pathways. 14. The brain relies ...
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single
... 1. Krebs Cycle – Takes place in the ___________ of the mitochondria. Breaks down the pyruvic acid produced during Glycolysis to produce energy carrying molecules, NADH & FADH2, that will be used in the electron transport chain. Also produces ______ molecules of ATP. 2. Electron Transport Chain – Tak ...
... 1. Krebs Cycle – Takes place in the ___________ of the mitochondria. Breaks down the pyruvic acid produced during Glycolysis to produce energy carrying molecules, NADH & FADH2, that will be used in the electron transport chain. Also produces ______ molecules of ATP. 2. Electron Transport Chain – Tak ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... beans in the diet were associated (in ancient times) with low malaria rates? ...
... beans in the diet were associated (in ancient times) with low malaria rates? ...
Chapter 21
... Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the pathways by which it is degraded; two reasons are 1. Flexibility: If a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked, the organism can often use the reverse of the degradation pathway for ...
... Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the pathways by which it is degraded; two reasons are 1. Flexibility: If a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked, the organism can often use the reverse of the degradation pathway for ...
Molecular Biology
... carbon (carbon dioxide) with ATP and NADPH produced in the light dependent reaction ...
... carbon (carbon dioxide) with ATP and NADPH produced in the light dependent reaction ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Energy
... 1. Adenosine tri-phosphate – phosphate sugarribose, nitrogen base -adenine ...
... 1. Adenosine tri-phosphate – phosphate sugarribose, nitrogen base -adenine ...
photosynthesis and respiration and flow of energy
... Glycolysis Glycolysis literally means "_____-splitting." In glycolysis, the ____-carbon sugar glucose is split into ___ molecules of pyruvate, also called ______acid. This process produces a net gain of _____ ATP molecules. Theresulting molecules of pyruvate each have carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes ...
... Glycolysis Glycolysis literally means "_____-splitting." In glycolysis, the ____-carbon sugar glucose is split into ___ molecules of pyruvate, also called ______acid. This process produces a net gain of _____ ATP molecules. Theresulting molecules of pyruvate each have carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes ...
File - Ms. Daley Science
... 12) If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to the production of ATP, you would fmd the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest a) In the cytoplasm. b) On the outer membrane. In the intermembrane space. d) In the mitochondrial matr ...
... 12) If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to the production of ATP, you would fmd the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest a) In the cytoplasm. b) On the outer membrane. In the intermembrane space. d) In the mitochondrial matr ...
simple basic metabolism
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
Lecture 19
... Carbohydrate and sugar structure Carbohydrates or saccharides are essential components of living organisms. (C•H2O)n Where n=3 or greater. A single saccharide is called a monosaccharide. Oligosaccharide is a few linked monosaccharides and are at time associated with proteins (glycoproteins) or lipi ...
... Carbohydrate and sugar structure Carbohydrates or saccharides are essential components of living organisms. (C•H2O)n Where n=3 or greater. A single saccharide is called a monosaccharide. Oligosaccharide is a few linked monosaccharides and are at time associated with proteins (glycoproteins) or lipi ...
Human Body Systems
... Step 1 – cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis – glucose (the body’s major fuel) is broken down into 1.pyruvic acid and 2.energy. Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen. ...
... Step 1 – cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis – glucose (the body’s major fuel) is broken down into 1.pyruvic acid and 2.energy. Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen. ...
CH 2
... 12) An alternative use of the pentose phosphate pathway can be implemented when NADPH is needed in great quantity while ribose-5-phosphate is not. This use involves not recycling the ribose-5-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, but rather carrying the glycolytic intermediates forward, rather than bac ...
... 12) An alternative use of the pentose phosphate pathway can be implemented when NADPH is needed in great quantity while ribose-5-phosphate is not. This use involves not recycling the ribose-5-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, but rather carrying the glycolytic intermediates forward, rather than bac ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical energy
... – Enter fermentation pathways in cytoplasm – Enter mitochondria and be broken down further in aerobic respiration ...
... – Enter fermentation pathways in cytoplasm – Enter mitochondria and be broken down further in aerobic respiration ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... The Citric Acid Cycle • The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion • Pyruvic acid is chemically processed before entering the citric acid cycle – occurs in mitochondrial matrix The pyruvate is oxidized – reduces NAD+ to NADH • The pyruvate is stripped of a carboxyl group ...
... The Citric Acid Cycle • The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion • Pyruvic acid is chemically processed before entering the citric acid cycle – occurs in mitochondrial matrix The pyruvate is oxidized – reduces NAD+ to NADH • The pyruvate is stripped of a carboxyl group ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... - changes in gene transcription (hormonal control). - changes in protein synthesis (amino acid pathways). b. The catalytic activity of rate-limiting enzymes. - covalent modifications (phosphorylation). - non-covalent modifications (cAMP as an allosteric regulator). c. The accessibility of substrates ...
... - changes in gene transcription (hormonal control). - changes in protein synthesis (amino acid pathways). b. The catalytic activity of rate-limiting enzymes. - covalent modifications (phosphorylation). - non-covalent modifications (cAMP as an allosteric regulator). c. The accessibility of substrates ...
I. Cellular Energy • ATP: a) When the terminal phosphate is removed
... Alcohol Fermentation Figure 11: Alcohol Fermentation ...
... Alcohol Fermentation Figure 11: Alcohol Fermentation ...
Unit 1: Biology Review
... foreign matter, toxic substances and dead cell parts, and break them down to be exported. - Centrioles are essential in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). - Cytoplasm is everything else in the cell (not organelles). Cell Respiration: - C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy - The energy is stored in ...
... foreign matter, toxic substances and dead cell parts, and break them down to be exported. - Centrioles are essential in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). - Cytoplasm is everything else in the cell (not organelles). Cell Respiration: - C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy - The energy is stored in ...
Electron Transport System – oxidative phosphorylation
... Some of the steps of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are ___________ reactions in which ________________ enzymes transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming ______________. In the third stage of respiration, the _________________________ accepts electrons from the breakdown products of the fi ...
... Some of the steps of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are ___________ reactions in which ________________ enzymes transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming ______________. In the third stage of respiration, the _________________________ accepts electrons from the breakdown products of the fi ...
Exercise and Respiration Paloma
... • At start of exercise: Glycolysis (anaerobic means of ATP provision) is primed by hormones and neurotransmitters • -Low/moderate intensity: energy demands are met increasingly by fat (muscle triglycerides/plasma free fatty acids) • -high intensity: energy from carbohydrate-derived fuels predominat ...
... • At start of exercise: Glycolysis (anaerobic means of ATP provision) is primed by hormones and neurotransmitters • -Low/moderate intensity: energy demands are met increasingly by fat (muscle triglycerides/plasma free fatty acids) • -high intensity: energy from carbohydrate-derived fuels predominat ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑