Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... These bacteria use H2, H2S, or elemental sulfur rather than H2O as a source of electrons and reducing power – They are anoxygenic (non-oxygen-producing); many are ...
... These bacteria use H2, H2S, or elemental sulfur rather than H2O as a source of electrons and reducing power – They are anoxygenic (non-oxygen-producing); many are ...
Sample Exam 2 Questions
... 8. How many ATP molecules are synthesized directly in the Krebs cycle if you supply aerobically respiring cells with 10 pyruvate molecules? A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20 E. 300 9. In cellular metabolism, O2 is used A. to provide electrons for photophosphoryation. B. in glycolysis. C. in fermentation. D. as ...
... 8. How many ATP molecules are synthesized directly in the Krebs cycle if you supply aerobically respiring cells with 10 pyruvate molecules? A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20 E. 300 9. In cellular metabolism, O2 is used A. to provide electrons for photophosphoryation. B. in glycolysis. C. in fermentation. D. as ...
Bioenergetics
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
Anaerobic cell respiration - Hicksville Public Schools
... The process by which organisms break down organic molecules (glucose) to release energy(ATP). ...
... The process by which organisms break down organic molecules (glucose) to release energy(ATP). ...
File
... Aerobic respiration has 2 major parts: the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, which is associated with chemiosmosis (uses energy released by protons as they move across a membrane to make ATP. In the Krebs cycle oxidation of glucose that began with glycolysis is completed. Although ...
... Aerobic respiration has 2 major parts: the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, which is associated with chemiosmosis (uses energy released by protons as they move across a membrane to make ATP. In the Krebs cycle oxidation of glucose that began with glycolysis is completed. Although ...
Cell Energy
... by facultative anaerobic organisms as a backup method when oxygen is scarce but they can fully sustain themselves with it ...
... by facultative anaerobic organisms as a backup method when oxygen is scarce but they can fully sustain themselves with it ...
Example of the Course Test 2 10th December, 8:00, registration from
... a) reaction: CH3-CO-COOH + NAD+ + HSCoA -> CO2 + NADH + H+ + CH3-CO~SCoA describes a decarboxylation of oxaloacetate b) glucose can be metabolised to lactate in erythrocytes c) insulin activates only anabolic pathways d) adenylate kinase catalyzes this reaction: ADP + ADP = AMP + ATP 2) Choose true ...
... a) reaction: CH3-CO-COOH + NAD+ + HSCoA -> CO2 + NADH + H+ + CH3-CO~SCoA describes a decarboxylation of oxaloacetate b) glucose can be metabolised to lactate in erythrocytes c) insulin activates only anabolic pathways d) adenylate kinase catalyzes this reaction: ADP + ADP = AMP + ATP 2) Choose true ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 are at high energy level. As electrons are passed along ,they lose energyyyy 1)NADH and FADH2 give electrons to the chain.*NADH does it in the beginning, FADH2 later on…. * they also give up protons; H+ (hydrogen ions) 2)electrons are mooooving down the chain..and meanwhile losing ene ...
... NADH and FADH2 are at high energy level. As electrons are passed along ,they lose energyyyy 1)NADH and FADH2 give electrons to the chain.*NADH does it in the beginning, FADH2 later on…. * they also give up protons; H+ (hydrogen ions) 2)electrons are mooooving down the chain..and meanwhile losing ene ...
kines fo realz - CCVI
... without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaerobic metabolism. This where the body goes into a mix of aerobic and anaerobic energy production. While not hugely detrimental, oxygen deficits can grow to a level that the anaerobic energy system cannot cover. This can cause performance ...
... without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaerobic metabolism. This where the body goes into a mix of aerobic and anaerobic energy production. While not hugely detrimental, oxygen deficits can grow to a level that the anaerobic energy system cannot cover. This can cause performance ...
Medical Biochemistry
... oxidized to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH). Acetaldehyde and acetate are toxic leading to the many side effects (the hangover) that are associated with alcohol consumption. The ADH and AcDH catalyzed reactions also leads to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The metabolic effects of ethano ...
... oxidized to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH). Acetaldehyde and acetate are toxic leading to the many side effects (the hangover) that are associated with alcohol consumption. The ADH and AcDH catalyzed reactions also leads to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The metabolic effects of ethano ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
檔案下載
... •For an aldohexose such as glucose, a single molecule provides both the aldehyde and the alcohol : the C-1 aldehyde in the open-chain form of glucose reacts with the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal •The resulting cyclic hemiacetal, a six-membered ring, is called pyranose beca ...
... •For an aldohexose such as glucose, a single molecule provides both the aldehyde and the alcohol : the C-1 aldehyde in the open-chain form of glucose reacts with the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal •The resulting cyclic hemiacetal, a six-membered ring, is called pyranose beca ...
Chapter 5b Cell Respiration
... 21. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? Across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion 22. Along with ATP, oxygen is converted to _water_ in the Electron Transport Chain. Pg. 108 23. Why does the Electron Chain not work if no oxygen is there? O2 is not there as the final e- acceptor 24. T ...
... 21. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? Across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion 22. Along with ATP, oxygen is converted to _water_ in the Electron Transport Chain. Pg. 108 23. Why does the Electron Chain not work if no oxygen is there? O2 is not there as the final e- acceptor 24. T ...
Lecture: Fasting and gene expression, Part 1
... FASTING LED TO A SUSTAINED TRANSCRIPTION OF THE GENES ...
... FASTING LED TO A SUSTAINED TRANSCRIPTION OF THE GENES ...
Chapter 9: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... c. NADH produces 2.5 ATPs d. FADH2 produces 1.5 ATPs e. Acetyl-CoA produces 10 ATPs f. Total number of ATPs from a six carbon fatty acid 1) Two cuts = 2 NADH + 2 FADH2 = 2(2.5+1.5) 2 = 6 ATPs 2) Three acetyl-CoA molecules = 3(10) = 30 ATPs 3) Total = ATPs g. Overall actual yield is 20% more than D. ...
... c. NADH produces 2.5 ATPs d. FADH2 produces 1.5 ATPs e. Acetyl-CoA produces 10 ATPs f. Total number of ATPs from a six carbon fatty acid 1) Two cuts = 2 NADH + 2 FADH2 = 2(2.5+1.5) 2 = 6 ATPs 2) Three acetyl-CoA molecules = 3(10) = 30 ATPs 3) Total = ATPs g. Overall actual yield is 20% more than D. ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... molecule in the Electron Transport Chain, Oxygen allows additional electrons to pass along the chain. Allowing ATP to continue to be synthesized. Oxygen also accepts Protons that were once part of the Hydrogen Atoms supplied by NADH and FADH2. By combining with both Electrons and Protons, Oxygen for ...
... molecule in the Electron Transport Chain, Oxygen allows additional electrons to pass along the chain. Allowing ATP to continue to be synthesized. Oxygen also accepts Protons that were once part of the Hydrogen Atoms supplied by NADH and FADH2. By combining with both Electrons and Protons, Oxygen for ...
File
... molecule has six carbon atoms. It is quite stable. This is, the bonds holding its atoms together are not easily broken. Because of this stability, the cell must use a small amount of energy to begin the glucose-splitting reactions. This is similar to lighting a match to start a fire. Glycolysis brea ...
... molecule has six carbon atoms. It is quite stable. This is, the bonds holding its atoms together are not easily broken. Because of this stability, the cell must use a small amount of energy to begin the glucose-splitting reactions. This is similar to lighting a match to start a fire. Glycolysis brea ...
Ch 5
... – Operates with glycolysis – Use and production of 5 carbon sugars (na) – Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis ...
... – Operates with glycolysis – Use and production of 5 carbon sugars (na) – Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis ...
Unit7CellRespirationTargetPractice
... Target VI- Describe the connection between glycolysis and the fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid) in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions for each step. Be able to summarize inputs and outputs for the entire anaerobic proc ...
... Target VI- Describe the connection between glycolysis and the fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid) in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions for each step. Be able to summarize inputs and outputs for the entire anaerobic proc ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • heat (energy has changed form from chemical) Include ...
... 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • heat (energy has changed form from chemical) Include ...
Cellular Respiration
... to oxidise glucose not in one step but in several small steps enabling some steps to be just large enough such that the energy released can be coupled to ATP synthesis. ...
... to oxidise glucose not in one step but in several small steps enabling some steps to be just large enough such that the energy released can be coupled to ATP synthesis. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑