Cellular Respiration 2
... Pyruvate is dividing point of two systems If O2 is available pyruvate enters mitochondrium If O2 level is low Pyruvate stays in cytosol and undergoes fermentation ...
... Pyruvate is dividing point of two systems If O2 is available pyruvate enters mitochondrium If O2 level is low Pyruvate stays in cytosol and undergoes fermentation ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
The Basics of Cellular Respiration
... II) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) It is named for Hans Krebs who discovered it in 1953. (It is also called the citric acid cycle” because citric acid is formed at the start of the cycle.) ...
... II) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) It is named for Hans Krebs who discovered it in 1953. (It is also called the citric acid cycle” because citric acid is formed at the start of the cycle.) ...
Photosynthesis: dark reactions
... Synthesis of glucose from CO2 The fixation and reduction of CO2 is endergonic and coupled to these exergonic reactions: • Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi • Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ ...
... Synthesis of glucose from CO2 The fixation and reduction of CO2 is endergonic and coupled to these exergonic reactions: • Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi • Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Harvesting of energy from glucose has three stages • Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate) • The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) • Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% ...
... • Harvesting of energy from glucose has three stages • Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate) • The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) • Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% ...
How does ATP transfer energy?
... - The ATP/ADP cycle is an example of Anabolic and Catabolic processes. Fig. 8.8 ...
... - The ATP/ADP cycle is an example of Anabolic and Catabolic processes. Fig. 8.8 ...
3-Glycolysis BCH340
... Reduction of met-hemoglobin: Glycolysis produces NADH+H+, which used for reduction of met-hemoglobin in red cells. ...
... Reduction of met-hemoglobin: Glycolysis produces NADH+H+, which used for reduction of met-hemoglobin in red cells. ...
Lactic Acid and Energy from Fats and Proteins
... Process where lactic acid is converted to pyruvate Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
... Process where lactic acid is converted to pyruvate Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
biochem 47 A [3-20
... translocation effect 11. How does ischemia impact the cardiac muscle? What happens when O2 is reintroduced? a. Increases rate of anaerobic glycolysis leading to acidification via lactic acid b. When O2 reintroduced, FA’s are high in blood b/c heart hasn’t been using them and now it uses them too rap ...
... translocation effect 11. How does ischemia impact the cardiac muscle? What happens when O2 is reintroduced? a. Increases rate of anaerobic glycolysis leading to acidification via lactic acid b. When O2 reintroduced, FA’s are high in blood b/c heart hasn’t been using them and now it uses them too rap ...
Biochem01 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... The free energy of glycolysis is found as the sum of the standard free energy changes for the individual pathway reactions. c) The negative sign of ∆G shows that this pathway will proceed toward product (pyruvate) under normal cellular conditions. d) All of the above 18. There are four enzymes that ...
... The free energy of glycolysis is found as the sum of the standard free energy changes for the individual pathway reactions. c) The negative sign of ∆G shows that this pathway will proceed toward product (pyruvate) under normal cellular conditions. d) All of the above 18. There are four enzymes that ...
Integration of Metabolism: Glucose Synthesis
... reduce O2 to H2O create H+ gradient across IMM phosphorylate ADP to ATP ...
... reduce O2 to H2O create H+ gradient across IMM phosphorylate ADP to ATP ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall ...
... E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall ...
Outline - Utexas
... The mechanism of cellular respiration C. Electron transport and ATP synthesis There are a number of different proteins involved in aerobic respiration that are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Some of these proteins pick up and transport electrons in the membrane and also pump H+ ...
... The mechanism of cellular respiration C. Electron transport and ATP synthesis There are a number of different proteins involved in aerobic respiration that are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Some of these proteins pick up and transport electrons in the membrane and also pump H+ ...
Energy Review - MrsAllisonMagee
... Why is oxygen needed in cell resp? • To act as the final electron acceptor of the ETS ...
... Why is oxygen needed in cell resp? • To act as the final electron acceptor of the ETS ...
Information Sheet
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
Practice exam #1 review
... 5. During cellular respiration _________ accumulate, against their concentration gradient, in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. a. electrons b. hydrogen ions c. proteins d. oxygen 2. In plant cells, the cell membrane can shrink while the cell wall remains in place, this shows: a. plasmoly ...
... 5. During cellular respiration _________ accumulate, against their concentration gradient, in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. a. electrons b. hydrogen ions c. proteins d. oxygen 2. In plant cells, the cell membrane can shrink while the cell wall remains in place, this shows: a. plasmoly ...
Cellular Respiration
... Breakdown into glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol converted into a glycolysis ...
... Breakdown into glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol converted into a glycolysis ...
Glucose Metabolism Glycolysis Expectations
... A set of near‐equilibrium reactions at cellular concentration ...
... A set of near‐equilibrium reactions at cellular concentration ...
ppt Oxygen Debt-Energy Systems - NCEA-Physical
... Difference between oxygen consumed during exercise and amount that would have been consumed had a steady rate, aerobic metabolism occurred at onset of exercise. ...
... Difference between oxygen consumed during exercise and amount that would have been consumed had a steady rate, aerobic metabolism occurred at onset of exercise. ...
D-Glucose is a carbohydrate which can be classified as which of the
... 15A. How does a G value differ from a Go’ value? (2 points) Go’ values are determined at standard conditions (1M concentrations) and at pH7. 15B. What can you conclude about the Keq value for glycolysis? (1 point) _______>1___________ 15C. Gluconeogenesis synthesizes a molecule of glucose using t ...
... 15A. How does a G value differ from a Go’ value? (2 points) Go’ values are determined at standard conditions (1M concentrations) and at pH7. 15B. What can you conclude about the Keq value for glycolysis? (1 point) _______>1___________ 15C. Gluconeogenesis synthesizes a molecule of glucose using t ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑