File
... 40. Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because a. Heat is not a form of energy b. Cells do not have much heat; they are relatively cool c. Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell d. Heat can never be used to do work e. Heat denatures enzymes 41. If an enzyme is added to a solut ...
... 40. Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because a. Heat is not a form of energy b. Cells do not have much heat; they are relatively cool c. Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell d. Heat can never be used to do work e. Heat denatures enzymes 41. If an enzyme is added to a solut ...
chapter-6-rev
... How does Baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise? Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our ...
... How does Baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise? Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our ...
Respiration
...
[7 marks]
(94 II 2)
(a) Describe the three stages of cellular respiration for carbohydrate metabolism.[10 marks]
(b) Compare and contrast the products of the metabolic process in (a) in the presence and
absence of free oxygen.
[3 mar ...
...
“Photosynthesis and Respiration Concept Map” Use the terms below
... Typically a concept map goes from general or big ideas to smaller more specific or detailed ideas. Additionally, a connecting phrase describes the relationship between each of the terms. Use all of the terms below (each should be in a box or bubble) to create a concept map about photosynthesis and r ...
... Typically a concept map goes from general or big ideas to smaller more specific or detailed ideas. Additionally, a connecting phrase describes the relationship between each of the terms. Use all of the terms below (each should be in a box or bubble) to create a concept map about photosynthesis and r ...
Q01to05
... fatty acids to enter from the bloodstream carnitine small molecule, transport across inner mito membrane B. Fatty acids are covalently attached to Coenzyme A during the fatty acid oxidation FAD/NAD catalysed oxidation reactions is on FA-CoA C. The oxidation reactions involving FAD/NAD occur only in ...
... fatty acids to enter from the bloodstream carnitine small molecule, transport across inner mito membrane B. Fatty acids are covalently attached to Coenzyme A during the fatty acid oxidation FAD/NAD catalysed oxidation reactions is on FA-CoA C. The oxidation reactions involving FAD/NAD occur only in ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Glyolysis – Sugar split, forming ATP and NADH • Krebs cycle – sugar fully broken down to CO2 forming NADH and FADH2 • Oxidative phosphorylation – lots of ATP made via chemiosmosis ...
... • Glyolysis – Sugar split, forming ATP and NADH • Krebs cycle – sugar fully broken down to CO2 forming NADH and FADH2 • Oxidative phosphorylation – lots of ATP made via chemiosmosis ...
Ecological speciation model
... Pyruvate decarboxylase Substrate-level phosphorylation: PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
... Pyruvate decarboxylase Substrate-level phosphorylation: PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
Matthew Mekari
... A. The main way that organisms break down organic molecules is cellular respiration, the oxygen dependent process by which cells extract energy from food molecules. B. Most eukaryotes cells (and many prokaryotic cells ) are aerobic, that is, they depend on oxygen for life. C. Many prokaryotes and a ...
... A. The main way that organisms break down organic molecules is cellular respiration, the oxygen dependent process by which cells extract energy from food molecules. B. Most eukaryotes cells (and many prokaryotic cells ) are aerobic, that is, they depend on oxygen for life. C. Many prokaryotes and a ...
Glycolysis
... Glycolysis Regulation points of glycolysis 1. ___________________ Glucose-6-phosphate production 2. ____________________ Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate production inhibited by ATP ...
... Glycolysis Regulation points of glycolysis 1. ___________________ Glucose-6-phosphate production 2. ____________________ Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate production inhibited by ATP ...
photosynthesis and respiration
... react with the 2NADPH molecules. Remember-these molecules were formed earlier and stored. 2. The 2H of the NADPH will bond to the carbon and oxygen of CO2 This leaves 2NADPs. These are recycled back to the light reaction. 3. The compound formed is a 3 carbon organic compound. It is a starter compoun ...
... react with the 2NADPH molecules. Remember-these molecules were formed earlier and stored. 2. The 2H of the NADPH will bond to the carbon and oxygen of CO2 This leaves 2NADPs. These are recycled back to the light reaction. 3. The compound formed is a 3 carbon organic compound. It is a starter compoun ...
Cellular Respiration
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
... During fermentation by yeast, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol (an alcohol). The amounts of ethanol and carbon dioxide produced vary with different yeasts and different environmental conditions. In wine-making, grapes are crushed to release the juice which contains sugars. Yeast ...
BIO 220 Chapter 5 lecture outline Metabolism definition Collision
... the starting molecule in each step? Where in the cell does each step occur? What is the net yield of products for each of these pathways? How is cellular respiration different between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 18. What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in ATP production? What do NADH and FADH2 s ...
... the starting molecule in each step? Where in the cell does each step occur? What is the net yield of products for each of these pathways? How is cellular respiration different between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 18. What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in ATP production? What do NADH and FADH2 s ...
Gluconeogenesis
... A metal ion such as Mn++ is required for the PEP Carboxykinase reaction, in addition to a Mg++ ion that binds with the nucleotide substrate at the active site. Mn++ is thought to promote Pi transfer by interacting simultaneously with the enolate oxygen atom and an oxygen atom of the terminal phospha ...
... A metal ion such as Mn++ is required for the PEP Carboxykinase reaction, in addition to a Mg++ ion that binds with the nucleotide substrate at the active site. Mn++ is thought to promote Pi transfer by interacting simultaneously with the enolate oxygen atom and an oxygen atom of the terminal phospha ...
Cell Respiration notes
... – Called Krebs in honor of Hans Krebs, German-British researcher who worked out much of this cyclic phase of cellular respiration in the 1930s. – Only the two-carbon acetyl part of the acetyl CoA molecule actually participates in the citric acid cycle. – Coenzyme A helps the acetyl group enter the c ...
... – Called Krebs in honor of Hans Krebs, German-British researcher who worked out much of this cyclic phase of cellular respiration in the 1930s. – Only the two-carbon acetyl part of the acetyl CoA molecule actually participates in the citric acid cycle. – Coenzyme A helps the acetyl group enter the c ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint1
... Glycolysis-net gain of ATP =2 ATP 2 NADH x 3 ATP =6 ATP Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA 1 NADH x 3 ATP x 2 cycles =6 ATP ...
... Glycolysis-net gain of ATP =2 ATP 2 NADH x 3 ATP =6 ATP Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA 1 NADH x 3 ATP x 2 cycles =6 ATP ...
Notes Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to release energy and make ATP. It includes anaerobic pathways, which operate in the absence of oxygen, and aerobic respiration, which occurs when oxygen is present. Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis, which ...
... Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to release energy and make ATP. It includes anaerobic pathways, which operate in the absence of oxygen, and aerobic respiration, which occurs when oxygen is present. Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis, which ...
Cellular Respiration - Parkway C-2
... Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates (a 3-carbon compound) “investing” 2 ATP. These are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the ‘investment’ pays out a total of 4 ATP and 2 NADH. The process of glycolysis produces and t ...
... Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates (a 3-carbon compound) “investing” 2 ATP. These are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the ‘investment’ pays out a total of 4 ATP and 2 NADH. The process of glycolysis produces and t ...
respiration 4 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... • Also called the hexose monophosphate shunt • Converts glucose to Triose-P – this enters the last stages of glycolysis, carbon then enters citric acid cycle as normal • Only 5 – 20% respiration occurs this way • But – makes useful intermediates needed for making DNA, RNA and phenolics • Appears imp ...
... • Also called the hexose monophosphate shunt • Converts glucose to Triose-P – this enters the last stages of glycolysis, carbon then enters citric acid cycle as normal • Only 5 – 20% respiration occurs this way • But – makes useful intermediates needed for making DNA, RNA and phenolics • Appears imp ...
2.2 cellular respiration: the details
... 12. Glycolysis is not considered a highly effective energy-harnessing mechanism, because it only transfers about 2.1% of the free energy available in one mol of glucose into ATP. Most of the energy is still trapped in two pyruvate molecules and two NADH molecules. Aerobic respiration further process ...
... 12. Glycolysis is not considered a highly effective energy-harnessing mechanism, because it only transfers about 2.1% of the free energy available in one mol of glucose into ATP. Most of the energy is still trapped in two pyruvate molecules and two NADH molecules. Aerobic respiration further process ...
VO2 Max
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑