Bio302 Biochemistry II
... b) This is the process by which noncarbohydrate precursor molecules are converted into glucose:…………………….. c) This substance must be regenerated for glycolysis to proceed:…………………. d) This intermediate is necessary for the conversion of galactose to glucose:………… e) This molecule is an allosteric inhib ...
... b) This is the process by which noncarbohydrate precursor molecules are converted into glucose:…………………….. c) This substance must be regenerated for glycolysis to proceed:…………………. d) This intermediate is necessary for the conversion of galactose to glucose:………… e) This molecule is an allosteric inhib ...
lecture2
... Metabolic Pathway:- It occurs by reversal of each step of the glycolytic pathway, but the 3 irreversible reactions must be bypassed in this case. ...
... Metabolic Pathway:- It occurs by reversal of each step of the glycolytic pathway, but the 3 irreversible reactions must be bypassed in this case. ...
101 -- 2006
... a) They combine molecules into more complex and energy rich molecules. b) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP. c) They involve endergonic reactions that break complex molecules into simpler ones. d) They are spontaneous and do not need enzym ...
... a) They combine molecules into more complex and energy rich molecules. b) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP. c) They involve endergonic reactions that break complex molecules into simpler ones. d) They are spontaneous and do not need enzym ...
Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools
... • The citric acid cycle begins when the two carbons from the acetate are added to oxaloacetate, a 4-C molecule, to generate citrate, a 6-C molecule. • A series of reactions oxidize two carbons from the ...
... • The citric acid cycle begins when the two carbons from the acetate are added to oxaloacetate, a 4-C molecule, to generate citrate, a 6-C molecule. • A series of reactions oxidize two carbons from the ...
A.) There are three different categories of cellular poisons that affect
... – The trick is to oxidize the NADH without passing its electrons through the electron transport chain to oxygen ...
... – The trick is to oxidize the NADH without passing its electrons through the electron transport chain to oxygen ...
Ch8_CellularRespiration
... • We breathe in to supply oxygen to pick up electrons at the end of the electron ...
... • We breathe in to supply oxygen to pick up electrons at the end of the electron ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Citric Acid Cycle
... Formation of Oxaloacetate This rxn is the fifth of 5 dehydrogenase reactions. Oxaloacetate has now been regenerated so that it can react with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to repeat the cycle. ...
... Formation of Oxaloacetate This rxn is the fifth of 5 dehydrogenase reactions. Oxaloacetate has now been regenerated so that it can react with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to repeat the cycle. ...
103 topic summary
... Stages of metabolism: digestion, glycolysis, citric acid cycle Cell structure: general structure of cell and of mitochondria Energy from hydrolysis of ATP (hydroylsis reactions and reaction coupling) Metabolic coenzymes: general structures and functions of NAD+, FAD and CoA Digestion of carbohydrate ...
... Stages of metabolism: digestion, glycolysis, citric acid cycle Cell structure: general structure of cell and of mitochondria Energy from hydrolysis of ATP (hydroylsis reactions and reaction coupling) Metabolic coenzymes: general structures and functions of NAD+, FAD and CoA Digestion of carbohydrate ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
PDF Datastream - Brown Digital Repository
... Fermentation is the process undergone by pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) in the absence of oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation or ethanol fermentation occurs depending on the organism. Slide 14: Lactic acid fermentation: occurs in animal cells and some bacteria cells. The buildup of lactic a ...
... Fermentation is the process undergone by pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) in the absence of oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation or ethanol fermentation occurs depending on the organism. Slide 14: Lactic acid fermentation: occurs in animal cells and some bacteria cells. The buildup of lactic a ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Cellular Respiration
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Cellular Respiration
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Metabolism and Energetics
... In several steps, the atoms in a glucose molecule are rearranged to a lower energy state, the energy is then directly stored in the bonds of ATP Yields ATP directly, without the utilization of oxygen, but only yields a small number of ATP per glucose (2) AND it yields two molecules of NADH—this is a ...
... In several steps, the atoms in a glucose molecule are rearranged to a lower energy state, the energy is then directly stored in the bonds of ATP Yields ATP directly, without the utilization of oxygen, but only yields a small number of ATP per glucose (2) AND it yields two molecules of NADH—this is a ...
ppt
... Regulation of glycolysis Regulatory enzymes ● Hexokinase – inhibited by Glc-6-P ● Glucokinase – activated by insulin – inhibited by Fru-6-P 6-phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) – activated by insulin, ↑AMP / ATP ...
... Regulation of glycolysis Regulatory enzymes ● Hexokinase – inhibited by Glc-6-P ● Glucokinase – activated by insulin – inhibited by Fru-6-P 6-phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) – activated by insulin, ↑AMP / ATP ...
Cell Respiration DiagramSkit WS NEW
... 1. The purpose of cell respiration is to __________________________________________, which takes place in the _____________________________ of the cell. There are _____ major steps. 2. The first step is called _____________________, which takes place in the _________________________. Its role is to ...
... 1. The purpose of cell respiration is to __________________________________________, which takes place in the _____________________________ of the cell. There are _____ major steps. 2. The first step is called _____________________, which takes place in the _________________________. Its role is to ...
Answer Set 2
... b. 5 mCi/mmol. The specific activity is halved because the number of moles of product (pyruvate) is twice that of the labeled substrate (glucose). GG18-3. Increased [ATP], [citrate], or [glucose-6-phosphate] inhibits glycolysis. Increased [AMP], [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate], and [fructose-2,6-bisphos ...
... b. 5 mCi/mmol. The specific activity is halved because the number of moles of product (pyruvate) is twice that of the labeled substrate (glucose). GG18-3. Increased [ATP], [citrate], or [glucose-6-phosphate] inhibits glycolysis. Increased [AMP], [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate], and [fructose-2,6-bisphos ...
Cellular Respiration
... In the absence of oxygen, a cell will use fermentation to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Lactic Acid Fermentation converts glucose into lactic acid. This type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells during strenuous exercise when breathing cannot supply the cells with enough ox ...
... In the absence of oxygen, a cell will use fermentation to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Lactic Acid Fermentation converts glucose into lactic acid. This type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells during strenuous exercise when breathing cannot supply the cells with enough ox ...
Fig. 5-1
... some must use oxygen to survive. Microbes that can use oxygen if it is available but do not need it are facultative anaerobes. Aerobes do produce some energy during glycolysis, however, aerobes use glycolysis as a prelude to aerobic respiration – a much more productive process which requires oxygen. ...
... some must use oxygen to survive. Microbes that can use oxygen if it is available but do not need it are facultative anaerobes. Aerobes do produce some energy during glycolysis, however, aerobes use glycolysis as a prelude to aerobic respiration – a much more productive process which requires oxygen. ...
$doc.title
... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel cellular processes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ...
... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel cellular processes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑