Chapter-14 - NCERT Help
... Dehydrogenase : Enzyme that catalyses removal of H atom from the substrate. Electron acceptor : Organic compound which recieve electrons produced during oxidation-reduction reactions. Electron transport : Movement of electron from substrate to oxygen through respiratory chain during respiration. Fer ...
... Dehydrogenase : Enzyme that catalyses removal of H atom from the substrate. Electron acceptor : Organic compound which recieve electrons produced during oxidation-reduction reactions. Electron transport : Movement of electron from substrate to oxygen through respiratory chain during respiration. Fer ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
Document
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
Acids
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
PP 6.1-6.6 - Trimble County Schools
... converted to CO2 – At the same time, O2 gains hydrogen atoms and is converted to H2O – Loss of electrons is called oxidation (LEO) ...
... converted to CO2 – At the same time, O2 gains hydrogen atoms and is converted to H2O – Loss of electrons is called oxidation (LEO) ...
UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE: Energetics
... Review Questions: Answer these questions on a separate piece of paper. 1) Draw and label the ATP cycle. 2) Write a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration and for photosynthesis. 3) Sketch and label a mitochondrion. 4) Create a summary chart to describe the events of: glycolysis, oxidati ...
... Review Questions: Answer these questions on a separate piece of paper. 1) Draw and label the ATP cycle. 2) Write a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration and for photosynthesis. 3) Sketch and label a mitochondrion. 4) Create a summary chart to describe the events of: glycolysis, oxidati ...
Original
... b. FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is molecule ~ to NAD+ = accepts e- during redox reactions 5) 4C compound releases H atom to regenerate oxaloacetic acid a. keeps Krebs operating ...
... b. FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is molecule ~ to NAD+ = accepts e- during redox reactions 5) 4C compound releases H atom to regenerate oxaloacetic acid a. keeps Krebs operating ...
2.3 Outline
... • Carbohydrates are a key source of energy, and they are found in most foods--especially fruits, vegetables, and grains. • The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars, called _________________________, such as glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose. • Simple sugars such as glucose are a major sou ...
... • Carbohydrates are a key source of energy, and they are found in most foods--especially fruits, vegetables, and grains. • The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars, called _________________________, such as glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose. • Simple sugars such as glucose are a major sou ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III
... Converts huge quantities of food energy into ATP energy Occurs in the cytosol Requires oxygen Captures light energy ...
... Converts huge quantities of food energy into ATP energy Occurs in the cytosol Requires oxygen Captures light energy ...
Science Introduction
... glucose molecules broken down into smaller molecules. Stage 2 – occurs in the Mitochondria – glucose combine with O2 to produce Energy. 5. Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 ...
... glucose molecules broken down into smaller molecules. Stage 2 – occurs in the Mitochondria – glucose combine with O2 to produce Energy. 5. Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III (Answer key)
... Converts huge quantities of food energy into ATP energy Occurs in the cytosol Requires oxygen Captures light energy ...
... Converts huge quantities of food energy into ATP energy Occurs in the cytosol Requires oxygen Captures light energy ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis: Energy-Yielding Phase ◦ 2 G3P are converted into 2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules. ◦ Dehydrogenase enzymes remove H+ from intermediate compounds and attach them to 2 NAD to produce 2NADH ...
... Glycolysis: Energy-Yielding Phase ◦ 2 G3P are converted into 2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules. ◦ Dehydrogenase enzymes remove H+ from intermediate compounds and attach them to 2 NAD to produce 2NADH ...
Ch 26 Notes
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O +6CO2 + ATP [+heat] Glucose catabolism – glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic respiration Mechanisms - Redox Reduction reactions add electrons to substances. Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduc ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O +6CO2 + ATP [+heat] Glucose catabolism – glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic respiration Mechanisms - Redox Reduction reactions add electrons to substances. Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduc ...
Guided Reading Activities
... 5. If you opened a wine vat, would the yeast inside continue to perform alcoholic fermentation? Briefly explain your answer with some details about what would happen. 6. List two sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old. Big idea: Fermentation: Connections between metaboli ...
... 5. If you opened a wine vat, would the yeast inside continue to perform alcoholic fermentation? Briefly explain your answer with some details about what would happen. 6. List two sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old. Big idea: Fermentation: Connections between metaboli ...
Molecular Biology of the Cell
... itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ATP is hydrolysed, a hydrogen ion is released. ATPderived hydrogen ions are responsible primarily for the decrease in pH. D ...
... itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ATP is hydrolysed, a hydrogen ion is released. ATPderived hydrogen ions are responsible primarily for the decrease in pH. D ...
28 Gluconeogenesis In animals, glucose is required by the brain
... determine the direction of the carbon flow through the pathway. In gluconeogenesis, these irreversible enzymes are pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase at the beginning, and fructose bisphosphatase at the end. Fructose bisphosphatase Fructose bisphosphatase catalyzes the hydrol ...
... determine the direction of the carbon flow through the pathway. In gluconeogenesis, these irreversible enzymes are pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase at the beginning, and fructose bisphosphatase at the end. Fructose bisphosphatase Fructose bisphosphatase catalyzes the hydrol ...
Preparation for Exam 1
... breakdown) fell in the cracks between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Study these pathways by structure and know the intermediates that lead into or otherwise connect the pathways. Know their structures, not just the names. Know also the major events in pathway regulation. Know why a cell can surviv ...
... breakdown) fell in the cracks between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Study these pathways by structure and know the intermediates that lead into or otherwise connect the pathways. Know their structures, not just the names. Know also the major events in pathway regulation. Know why a cell can surviv ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Identify whether each of the following occurs during the energy-investment phase (EI) of glycolysis or the energy-yielding phase (EY). ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ...
... Identify whether each of the following occurs during the energy-investment phase (EI) of glycolysis or the energy-yielding phase (EY). ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ...
fat-soluble
... 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino acid catabolism. 4. Pyridoxine is not involved in protein metabolism. ...
... 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino acid catabolism. 4. Pyridoxine is not involved in protein metabolism. ...
Chapter 25 - FacultyWeb
... 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino acid catabolism. 4. Pyridoxine is not involved in protein metabolism. ...
... 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino acid catabolism. 4. Pyridoxine is not involved in protein metabolism. ...
1 glucose 2 molecules acetyl CoA
... • Also called anaerobic metabolism or lactic acid fermentation – Similar to how yeasts ferment glucose into alcohol ...
... • Also called anaerobic metabolism or lactic acid fermentation – Similar to how yeasts ferment glucose into alcohol ...
2-respiration
... • When the electrons come to the end of the electron transport chain they combine with oxygen. • At the same time, the oxygen joins to a pair of hydrogen ions to form water. • Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor. Without it, the electron transport chain cannot not proceed and ATP is not made here. ...
... • When the electrons come to the end of the electron transport chain they combine with oxygen. • At the same time, the oxygen joins to a pair of hydrogen ions to form water. • Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor. Without it, the electron transport chain cannot not proceed and ATP is not made here. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑