Respiration
... In the absence of oxygen, the cell resorts to anaerobic metabolism. In animal cells, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. In yeast and bacteria, the pyruvate is often converted to ethanol. In both cases, no new ATP is produced, so the net production of the energy-carrying molecule is only the two m ...
... In the absence of oxygen, the cell resorts to anaerobic metabolism. In animal cells, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. In yeast and bacteria, the pyruvate is often converted to ethanol. In both cases, no new ATP is produced, so the net production of the energy-carrying molecule is only the two m ...
File
... • Two coenzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions • They each can hold only two electrons and two hydrogen nuclei • Carry electrons to the electron transport chain in the cristae of the mitochondria, where they drop them off. ...
... • Two coenzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions • They each can hold only two electrons and two hydrogen nuclei • Carry electrons to the electron transport chain in the cristae of the mitochondria, where they drop them off. ...
Disciplina: SLC0673 Ciclos energéticos vitais
... Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration occurs in three major stages: Organic fuel molecules-glucose, fatty acids, and some amino acids-are oxidized to yield two-carbon fragments in the form of the acetyl group of acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The acetyl groups are fed into the citric acid cycle ...
... Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration occurs in three major stages: Organic fuel molecules-glucose, fatty acids, and some amino acids-are oxidized to yield two-carbon fragments in the form of the acetyl group of acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The acetyl groups are fed into the citric acid cycle ...
Name
... E) Phosphofructokinase 31) Which of the following is NOT an enzyme required for gluconeogenesis? A) Pyruvate kinase B) Glucose-6-phosphatase C) Aldolase D) Phosphoglycerate mutase E) All are required 32) Which metabolite stimulates pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis? a) ATP b) Fructose-1,6-bis ...
... E) Phosphofructokinase 31) Which of the following is NOT an enzyme required for gluconeogenesis? A) Pyruvate kinase B) Glucose-6-phosphatase C) Aldolase D) Phosphoglycerate mutase E) All are required 32) Which metabolite stimulates pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis? a) ATP b) Fructose-1,6-bis ...
Unit# 2B Practice Exam 2B_Cell_Exam_Review
... c. their bonding structure has been changed d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein? a. the number of available atoms in an organism b. the number of hydrogen atoms in fatty acids c. the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy ...
... c. their bonding structure has been changed d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein? a. the number of available atoms in an organism b. the number of hydrogen atoms in fatty acids c. the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy ...
Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain
... Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain - ETC Interconnected proteins - named by Roman numerals (on large graphic on back of page) - embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ETC Jobs 1. Dehydrogenases: Removal of H from NADH and FADH Separation into a high energy electron e- & H+ 2. Proton p ...
... Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain - ETC Interconnected proteins - named by Roman numerals (on large graphic on back of page) - embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ETC Jobs 1. Dehydrogenases: Removal of H from NADH and FADH Separation into a high energy electron e- & H+ 2. Proton p ...
Ecological speciation model
... 2) It is found in aerobically grown Bacteria, mitocondria, but not in Archaea. ...
... 2) It is found in aerobically grown Bacteria, mitocondria, but not in Archaea. ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation, and formation of pyruvate. E. oxidation ...
... A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation, and formation of pyruvate. E. oxidation ...
Cell Biology
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
Respiration
... Glycolysis:-It is defined as the sequence of reaction converting glucose to pyruvate, with the production of ATP. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of virtually all living cells, both in the absence and presence of O2. Probably it was the first energy releasing process in organisms when the life ev ...
... Glycolysis:-It is defined as the sequence of reaction converting glucose to pyruvate, with the production of ATP. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of virtually all living cells, both in the absence and presence of O2. Probably it was the first energy releasing process in organisms when the life ev ...
Lecture Notes
... 2. ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which a. an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP b. 3. The compounds that form between the initial reactant, glucose, and the final product, pyruvate, 4. The steps of glycolysis can be grouped int ...
... 2. ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which a. an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP b. 3. The compounds that form between the initial reactant, glucose, and the final product, pyruvate, 4. The steps of glycolysis can be grouped int ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... value of NADH & FADH2 electron carriers reduced molecules store energy! to be used in the Electron Transport Chain ...
... value of NADH & FADH2 electron carriers reduced molecules store energy! to be used in the Electron Transport Chain ...
respiration - MagnusonScience
... • During glycolysis, glucose, 6-C sugar split into (2) 3-C sugars. • Net yield from glycolysis 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. • Glycolysis occurs whether O2 present or not. • O2 present, pyruvate moves into ...
... • During glycolysis, glucose, 6-C sugar split into (2) 3-C sugars. • Net yield from glycolysis 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. • Glycolysis occurs whether O2 present or not. • O2 present, pyruvate moves into ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Kreb`s Cycle
... 2x pyruvate acetyl CoA + CO2 3C 2C 1C NAD ...
... 2x pyruvate acetyl CoA + CO2 3C 2C 1C NAD ...
Respiration - csfcA2Biology
... glucose into ATP? Glucose is already a form of potential chemical energy, why turn it into ATP? • Lots of little packets of energy (ATP) can be made and used for lots of little jobs in the cell. A job seldom requires all the energy contained in one molecule of glucose. (therefore efficient, not ...
... glucose into ATP? Glucose is already a form of potential chemical energy, why turn it into ATP? • Lots of little packets of energy (ATP) can be made and used for lots of little jobs in the cell. A job seldom requires all the energy contained in one molecule of glucose. (therefore efficient, not ...
WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT RESPIRATION NAME ANSWERS
... How many CO2 molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose? 1 glucose (C6H12O6) produces 6 CO2 molecules Compare the amount of ATP made during fermentation (without O 2) and cellular respiration (with O2) Fermentation = 2 ATP (produced during glycolysis) Compare the production of ATP’s during ...
... How many CO2 molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose? 1 glucose (C6H12O6) produces 6 CO2 molecules Compare the amount of ATP made during fermentation (without O 2) and cellular respiration (with O2) Fermentation = 2 ATP (produced during glycolysis) Compare the production of ATP’s during ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... Stage 3: Electron Transport • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of e ...
... Stage 3: Electron Transport • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of e ...
File
... 1. Cristae: Folds produced from an inner membrane. 2. Matrix: Contains enzymes used to break organic compounds. ...
... 1. Cristae: Folds produced from an inner membrane. 2. Matrix: Contains enzymes used to break organic compounds. ...
Biology 5.3 Cellular Respiration - Chemistry
... In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to pyruvate during glycolysis. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (no oxygen required), and it results in a gain of two ATP molecules. ...
... In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to pyruvate during glycolysis. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (no oxygen required), and it results in a gain of two ATP molecules. ...
see previous week 3 link
... group in the liver; the amino group becomes ammonia (NH3) and is excreted as urea. • Where the carbon portion of the amino acid enters the reactions of respiration depends on its number of carbons. ...
... group in the liver; the amino group becomes ammonia (NH3) and is excreted as urea. • Where the carbon portion of the amino acid enters the reactions of respiration depends on its number of carbons. ...
Metabolism of RBC
... respect to ATP production, supply of intermediates for Rapoport-Luebering glycolytic shunt and Hexose monophosphate pathway. Explain the role of NADPH in glutathione metabolism Explain the role of ATP and glutathione in the maintenance of erythrocyte membrane stability Explain the molecular ba ...
... respect to ATP production, supply of intermediates for Rapoport-Luebering glycolytic shunt and Hexose monophosphate pathway. Explain the role of NADPH in glutathione metabolism Explain the role of ATP and glutathione in the maintenance of erythrocyte membrane stability Explain the molecular ba ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑