AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made availab ...
... reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made availab ...
Objectives 12
... - gluconeogenesis occurs largely in liver; kidney makes some contribution during starvation; in kidney glutamine released from muscle is primary gluconeogenic precursor - starvation liver glycogen depleted gluconeogenesis essential for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis - muscle uses pathway ...
... - gluconeogenesis occurs largely in liver; kidney makes some contribution during starvation; in kidney glutamine released from muscle is primary gluconeogenic precursor - starvation liver glycogen depleted gluconeogenesis essential for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis - muscle uses pathway ...
Chapter 7
... -methanogens use CO2 -CO2 is reduced to CH4 (methane) Anaerobic respiration by sulfur bacteria -inorganic sulphate (SO4) is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ...
... -methanogens use CO2 -CO2 is reduced to CH4 (methane) Anaerobic respiration by sulfur bacteria -inorganic sulphate (SO4) is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ...
7-cellular-respiration
... phosphofructokinase but if the citrate concentration falls the enzyme will not be inhibited. Glycolysis will speed up supplying more acetyl groups for the citric acid cycle. This feedback inhibition has the advantages of conserving resources, producing ATP when needed and not building up too many ...
... phosphofructokinase but if the citrate concentration falls the enzyme will not be inhibited. Glycolysis will speed up supplying more acetyl groups for the citric acid cycle. This feedback inhibition has the advantages of conserving resources, producing ATP when needed and not building up too many ...
METABOLISM - Doctor Jade Main
... electrons are transferred from sugar to O2 making H2O 6C6H12O2 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP do not see electron transfer in equation see changes in H ions glucose molecule loses hydrogen atoms as it is converted to CO2 O2 gains hydrogen atoms to form water O2 is an electron grabber – pulls harder th ...
... electrons are transferred from sugar to O2 making H2O 6C6H12O2 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP do not see electron transfer in equation see changes in H ions glucose molecule loses hydrogen atoms as it is converted to CO2 O2 gains hydrogen atoms to form water O2 is an electron grabber – pulls harder th ...
Document
... Glycolysis Event 3 – ________________ and ______ • hydrogen atoms are released • hydrogen atoms bind to _____ to produce _______ • NADH delivers hydrogen atoms to electron transport chain if oxygen is available • ____ is phosphorylated to become _______ • two molecules of _________ are ...
... Glycolysis Event 3 – ________________ and ______ • hydrogen atoms are released • hydrogen atoms bind to _____ to produce _______ • NADH delivers hydrogen atoms to electron transport chain if oxygen is available • ____ is phosphorylated to become _______ • two molecules of _________ are ...
Krebs cycle
... fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
... fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
Cellular Respiration notes Cellular respiration is
... 1. Cellular respiration is carried out by every cell in both plants and animals and is essential for daily living. 2. It does not occur at any set time or at the same point in time. In fact, neighboring cells are simultaneously involved in different stages of cellular respiration. 3. Cellular respir ...
... 1. Cellular respiration is carried out by every cell in both plants and animals and is essential for daily living. 2. It does not occur at any set time or at the same point in time. In fact, neighboring cells are simultaneously involved in different stages of cellular respiration. 3. Cellular respir ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... • The initial reactants are two 2-carbon molecules of acetyl Co-A and the final products are four 1-carbon molecules of CO2 . • Transfer of electrons and/or H+ to coenzymes – 3 pairs to NAD and 1 to FAD for each turn of the cycle • One ATP molecule produced for each turn of the cycle • The cycle tur ...
... • The initial reactants are two 2-carbon molecules of acetyl Co-A and the final products are four 1-carbon molecules of CO2 . • Transfer of electrons and/or H+ to coenzymes – 3 pairs to NAD and 1 to FAD for each turn of the cycle • One ATP molecule produced for each turn of the cycle • The cycle tur ...
Cellular Respiration
... Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic) What Happens? = If oxygen is NOT available, Pyruvic Acid is broken down into either Ethanol & CO2 (yeast) or Lactic Acid (animals) INSTEAD of going through the Kreb’s Cycle ...
... Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic) What Happens? = If oxygen is NOT available, Pyruvic Acid is broken down into either Ethanol & CO2 (yeast) or Lactic Acid (animals) INSTEAD of going through the Kreb’s Cycle ...
Organ Integration and Control
... In this mode glucose can be made from a number of sources including: 1. Glycerol from fat breakdown 2. Alanine from protein breakdown – alanine cycle 3. Lactate (Red blood cells, Muscle) – Cori Cycle ...
... In this mode glucose can be made from a number of sources including: 1. Glycerol from fat breakdown 2. Alanine from protein breakdown – alanine cycle 3. Lactate (Red blood cells, Muscle) – Cori Cycle ...
Metabolic Adaptation - Washington State University
... neck of infant humans and true hibernators. • Brown color is due to abundant mitochondria – in contrast to ordinary adipose tissue which is white fat. • Epinephrine released in cold stress or spring rewarming causes production of uncoupling factors that induce a proton leak in inner mitochondrial me ...
... neck of infant humans and true hibernators. • Brown color is due to abundant mitochondria – in contrast to ordinary adipose tissue which is white fat. • Epinephrine released in cold stress or spring rewarming causes production of uncoupling factors that induce a proton leak in inner mitochondrial me ...
Respiration
... and inorganic phosphate 7. Protons, electrons and oxygen combine to form water, the final electron acceptor ...
... and inorganic phosphate 7. Protons, electrons and oxygen combine to form water, the final electron acceptor ...
UNIT-1 Carbohydrates
... Function: quick energy structural support Characteristics: H – C – OH ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is 2:1 Monomer is the monosaccharide ...
... Function: quick energy structural support Characteristics: H – C – OH ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is 2:1 Monomer is the monosaccharide ...
Recap: structure of ATP
... and inorganic phosphate 7. Protons, electrons and oxygen combine to form water, the final electron acceptor ...
... and inorganic phosphate 7. Protons, electrons and oxygen combine to form water, the final electron acceptor ...
Cellular Respiration Activity 9 1. The summary formula for cellular
... ATP is highly reactive at normal body temperatures and therefore difficult for cells to store for any period of time. (In the lab, ATP is usually stored at very low temperatures, for example, at –20°C.) In addition, ATP is a relatively small molecule. As a result, if cells could store high concentra ...
... ATP is highly reactive at normal body temperatures and therefore difficult for cells to store for any period of time. (In the lab, ATP is usually stored at very low temperatures, for example, at –20°C.) In addition, ATP is a relatively small molecule. As a result, if cells could store high concentra ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Systems
... The body can resynthesise ATP by the reverse reaction: ADP + P + energy = ATP. The body cannot store much ATP (only enough for about 2-3s of intense activity) so any energy required needs to be produced immediately. ...
... The body can resynthesise ATP by the reverse reaction: ADP + P + energy = ATP. The body cannot store much ATP (only enough for about 2-3s of intense activity) so any energy required needs to be produced immediately. ...
File
... 1. Plants carry out cellular respiration. (T or F) 2. Oxidative respiration must follow glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production. . (T or F) 3. Fermentation and oxidative respiration both take place in the absence of oxygen. . (T or F) 4. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic ...
... 1. Plants carry out cellular respiration. (T or F) 2. Oxidative respiration must follow glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production. . (T or F) 3. Fermentation and oxidative respiration both take place in the absence of oxygen. . (T or F) 4. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic ...
Metabolism of Glucose C6H12O6+6O2 1 unit of Glucose 38 ATP
... In exercise, first you burn off muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen, then lipid. If you only exercise In Diabetes, the cells cannot use glucose for energy. Only lipids. It depends on lipids, but the the Fatty Acids produce much more acetyl-CoA that kreb cycle cannot handle. This results in an accu ...
... In exercise, first you burn off muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen, then lipid. If you only exercise In Diabetes, the cells cannot use glucose for energy. Only lipids. It depends on lipids, but the the Fatty Acids produce much more acetyl-CoA that kreb cycle cannot handle. This results in an accu ...
File
... 12.1 First Step of Harvesting Energy from Glucose: Glycolysis • Aerobic oxidation – Cells use a four-stage process to convert energy released by the of glucose/fatty acid oxidation into ATP terminal phosphoanhydride bond. • Glycolysis – Stage 1: Cytosolic enzymes convert glucose to two molecules of ...
... 12.1 First Step of Harvesting Energy from Glucose: Glycolysis • Aerobic oxidation – Cells use a four-stage process to convert energy released by the of glucose/fatty acid oxidation into ATP terminal phosphoanhydride bond. • Glycolysis – Stage 1: Cytosolic enzymes convert glucose to two molecules of ...
Cellular Respiration
... The ETC converts the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle into ATP Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondrion The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
... The ETC converts the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle into ATP Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondrion The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑