Midterm Exam Note: Before beginning, please scan the entire exam
... D) digestion E) catabolism 55) During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a DG of -4 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what change would you predict in the DG? A) It would be -2 kcal/mol. B) It would be -8 kcal/mol. C) It would rema ...
... D) digestion E) catabolism 55) During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a DG of -4 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what change would you predict in the DG? A) It would be -2 kcal/mol. B) It would be -8 kcal/mol. C) It would rema ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... The electron transport chain takes the electrons from NADH [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.5C p. 92] The electron transport chain is made up of a sequence of proteins, each of which takes the electron and passes it on to the next one. At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the ...
... The electron transport chain takes the electrons from NADH [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.5C p. 92] The electron transport chain is made up of a sequence of proteins, each of which takes the electron and passes it on to the next one. At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the ...
respiration - sandsbiochem
... 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. Remember: OILRIG A. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to CO2 and H2O, which molecule is reduced? B. Which is oxidized? C. What happens to the energy that is released in this redox reaction? 3. NAD+ is called a(n) ________________. ...
... 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. Remember: OILRIG A. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to CO2 and H2O, which molecule is reduced? B. Which is oxidized? C. What happens to the energy that is released in this redox reaction? 3. NAD+ is called a(n) ________________. ...
8 Cellular Respiration-2016 ClydeRamloch... 167KB Nov 02 2016
... b. What are the pathways of the two anaerobic respiration that occurs in cells? (please note further research is necessary). Draw the diagram in the boxes ...
... b. What are the pathways of the two anaerobic respiration that occurs in cells? (please note further research is necessary). Draw the diagram in the boxes ...
Cellular Respiration
... The ETC converts the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle into ATP Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondrion The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
... The ETC converts the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle into ATP Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondrion The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP 1 FADH2 2 ATP ...
Respiration Respiration Respiration - Anoka
... Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis ...
... Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis ...
File - Wk 1-2
... 3. Outline the citric acid cycle, listing the main substrates and products of the cycle and the role of the cycle in providing reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitacholdria of the cell and occurs in the presence of oxygen (aero ...
... 3. Outline the citric acid cycle, listing the main substrates and products of the cycle and the role of the cycle in providing reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitacholdria of the cell and occurs in the presence of oxygen (aero ...
Cellular Respiration
... from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule ...
... from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... NADH and ubiquinol from the Krebs cycle start a series of oxidation reduction reactions that move electrons through a series of carriers. The electron carriers together are called an “electron transport chain” ...
... NADH and ubiquinol from the Krebs cycle start a series of oxidation reduction reactions that move electrons through a series of carriers. The electron carriers together are called an “electron transport chain” ...
Chapter 15
... lack of energy (lethargy), a failure to gain weight and grow as expected (failure to thrive), yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), liver damage, and bleeding. Other serious complications of this condition can include overwhelming bacterial infections (sepsis) and shock. Affected ...
... lack of energy (lethargy), a failure to gain weight and grow as expected (failure to thrive), yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), liver damage, and bleeding. Other serious complications of this condition can include overwhelming bacterial infections (sepsis) and shock. Affected ...
Biochemistry
... 1) Allosteric activation or inhibition of GK, HK, PFK & Pk. e.g. phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. This is short term influence (minutes-hours). 2) Hormonal influence on the amount of enzyme synthesized. This is long term influence by increasing 10-20 fold the enzyme activity and takes hours-da ...
... 1) Allosteric activation or inhibition of GK, HK, PFK & Pk. e.g. phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. This is short term influence (minutes-hours). 2) Hormonal influence on the amount of enzyme synthesized. This is long term influence by increasing 10-20 fold the enzyme activity and takes hours-da ...
Cellular Respiration Power Point
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
Fed State Insulin Insulin Fasted State/ Starvation
... Fructose 6-phosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase ...
... Fructose 6-phosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The result of glycolysis and aerobic respiration is shown by the reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP • Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria outer and inner membrane matrix: dense solution enclosed by inner membrane cristae: the folds of the inner membrane that house ...
... • The result of glycolysis and aerobic respiration is shown by the reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP • Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria outer and inner membrane matrix: dense solution enclosed by inner membrane cristae: the folds of the inner membrane that house ...
Cellular_Respiration2011
... Synthesizing molecules for growth and reproduction Transport work – active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis Mechanical work – muscle contraction, cilia and flagella movement, organelle movement ...
... Synthesizing molecules for growth and reproduction Transport work – active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis Mechanical work – muscle contraction, cilia and flagella movement, organelle movement ...
Describe and discuss the process of chemiosmosis in eukaryotic
... __ATP synthase joins ADP + Pi C. The absence of O2 is problematic to the process of cellular respiration. Describe how a muscle cell may attempt to compensate during strenuous exercise. (3 pt maximum) __glycolysis may continue __glycolysis will still net 2 ATP __NADH is unable to become oxidized (or ...
... __ATP synthase joins ADP + Pi C. The absence of O2 is problematic to the process of cellular respiration. Describe how a muscle cell may attempt to compensate during strenuous exercise. (3 pt maximum) __glycolysis may continue __glycolysis will still net 2 ATP __NADH is unable to become oxidized (or ...
9-5 fermentation reading KEY
... lactic acid fermentation, one step turns pyruvate into a waste molecule (lactic acid). In both cases, the sole purpose of wasting pyruvate like this is because in the process NADH is converted into NAD+. Normally this happens in the ETC. But without oxygen, the ETC can't run. Cells must have NAD+ in ...
... lactic acid fermentation, one step turns pyruvate into a waste molecule (lactic acid). In both cases, the sole purpose of wasting pyruvate like this is because in the process NADH is converted into NAD+. Normally this happens in the ETC. But without oxygen, the ETC can't run. Cells must have NAD+ in ...
12-Glycolysis2016-11-15 13:225.6 MB
... Regulation by: allosteric effectors. When ATP and Citrate are abundant (more than enough) they inhibit the reaction N.B they are not involved in the chemical reaction they have allosteric effect ...
... Regulation by: allosteric effectors. When ATP and Citrate are abundant (more than enough) they inhibit the reaction N.B they are not involved in the chemical reaction they have allosteric effect ...
energy & cellular respiration
... • Same process as aerobic resp. but uses sulfate or nitrate as final H acceptor not oxygen. ...
... • Same process as aerobic resp. but uses sulfate or nitrate as final H acceptor not oxygen. ...
Chapter 24
... Fermentation is the anaerobic conversion of glucose to ethanol and CO2 by yeast and other microorganisms. ...
... Fermentation is the anaerobic conversion of glucose to ethanol and CO2 by yeast and other microorganisms. ...
BIOCHEMISTRY Carbohydrate Metabolism
... fructose & galactose – enter blood via active transport – transported to the liver – fructose & galactose are converted into compounds that enter the same pathway as glucose – Glycolysis. ...
... fructose & galactose – enter blood via active transport – transported to the liver – fructose & galactose are converted into compounds that enter the same pathway as glucose – Glycolysis. ...
HRW BIO CRF Ch 05_p01-56
... ______ 1. Photosynthetic organisms get energy from a. inorganic substances. c. autotrophs. b. light. d. heterotrophs. ______ 2. Which of the following correctly sequences the flow of energy? a. bacteria, fungus, rabbit c. sun, grass, rabbit, fox b. bacteria, sun, flower, deer d. sun, hawk, mouse ___ ...
... ______ 1. Photosynthetic organisms get energy from a. inorganic substances. c. autotrophs. b. light. d. heterotrophs. ______ 2. Which of the following correctly sequences the flow of energy? a. bacteria, fungus, rabbit c. sun, grass, rabbit, fox b. bacteria, sun, flower, deer d. sun, hawk, mouse ___ ...
HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY (ch. 9 - Campbells)
... photosynthesizes. Converts solar energy into chemical bond energy. Heterotroph - an organism that can not produce its own food. Consumer. Must rely on producers for energy. Animals fungi, protozoans and some bacteria. Respiration - redox reaction involved in the release of energy from glucose while ...
... photosynthesizes. Converts solar energy into chemical bond energy. Heterotroph - an organism that can not produce its own food. Consumer. Must rely on producers for energy. Animals fungi, protozoans and some bacteria. Respiration - redox reaction involved in the release of energy from glucose while ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑