Cellular Respiration
... Pyruvate (2 C3 molecules) is converted to an acetyl group (C2) that is attached to coenzyme A (CoA) CO2 is a product Oxidation occurs, electrons from pyruvate are removed, NAD NADH Reaction occurs twice since there are 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule ...
... Pyruvate (2 C3 molecules) is converted to an acetyl group (C2) that is attached to coenzyme A (CoA) CO2 is a product Oxidation occurs, electrons from pyruvate are removed, NAD NADH Reaction occurs twice since there are 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule ...
III. The History of Glycolysis: An Example of a Linear Metabolic
... walls. Having obtained this liquid they were faced with the problem of preserving it. Because it was to be used for nutritional studies with animals they did not want to use conventional antiseptics such as phenol but instead drew upon their culinary knowledge and used the method so familiar to the ...
... walls. Having obtained this liquid they were faced with the problem of preserving it. Because it was to be used for nutritional studies with animals they did not want to use conventional antiseptics such as phenol but instead drew upon their culinary knowledge and used the method so familiar to the ...
Cellular Respiration
... NADH are used to make a large amount of ATP during aerobic respiration. This occurs in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell and the membrane of the prokaryotic cell. – When there is no oxygen present pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol and carbon dioxide. ...
... NADH are used to make a large amount of ATP during aerobic respiration. This occurs in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell and the membrane of the prokaryotic cell. – When there is no oxygen present pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol and carbon dioxide. ...
Introduction to metabolism. Specific and general pathways of
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
Riveting Respiration
... mainly on carbohydrates and fats, but we will focus on GLUCOSE Activation energy prevents these high energy goods from breaking down spontaneously – so we will need ENZYMES to make respiration happen Glucose is broken down in a series of steps. Each step has its own enzyme ...
... mainly on carbohydrates and fats, but we will focus on GLUCOSE Activation energy prevents these high energy goods from breaking down spontaneously – so we will need ENZYMES to make respiration happen Glucose is broken down in a series of steps. Each step has its own enzyme ...
1 - Chiropractic National Board Review Questions
... 36. Which of the following is a pentose? A. Glucose B. Ribose C. Fructose D. Galactose 37. Which of the following bonds are found in lipids? A. Peptide B. Disulfate C. Ester D. H 38. Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what? E. Acetone F. Acetate G. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid H. HMG-Coa 39. The rea ...
... 36. Which of the following is a pentose? A. Glucose B. Ribose C. Fructose D. Galactose 37. Which of the following bonds are found in lipids? A. Peptide B. Disulfate C. Ester D. H 38. Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what? E. Acetone F. Acetate G. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid H. HMG-Coa 39. The rea ...
Intracellular Respiration
... have a lot of Hydrogen(sugars, fats) are sources of electrons that can be pulled by Oxygen ...
... have a lot of Hydrogen(sugars, fats) are sources of electrons that can be pulled by Oxygen ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 14 Notes (PPT)
... Glucokinase activity increases with increased glucose but is not inhibited by increased glu6PO4. The levels of the protein are regulated by insulin. Rate of reaction is driven by substrate-glucose not by demand for product-G6P. Allows all glu available to be converted to G6P and then if excess prese ...
... Glucokinase activity increases with increased glucose but is not inhibited by increased glu6PO4. The levels of the protein are regulated by insulin. Rate of reaction is driven by substrate-glucose not by demand for product-G6P. Allows all glu available to be converted to G6P and then if excess prese ...
chapter-6-rev - HCC Learning Web
... How does Baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise? Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our ...
... How does Baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise? Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our ...
Problem Set 2 (multiple choice) Biochemistry 3300 1. What classes
... 19. All of the following contribute to the large, negative, free-energy change upon hydrolysis of “high-energy” compounds except: a) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. b) low activation energy of forward reaction. c) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. d) stabilization of produ ...
... 19. All of the following contribute to the large, negative, free-energy change upon hydrolysis of “high-energy” compounds except: a) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. b) low activation energy of forward reaction. c) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. d) stabilization of produ ...
Gluconeogenesis
... keeping the [ ] gradient high - glucose then stored or metabolized • When there is a fall in [glucose] in liver – Activity of GK (also known as high Km HK) falls – Activity of G6Pase inc, forming glucose for release ...
... keeping the [ ] gradient high - glucose then stored or metabolized • When there is a fall in [glucose] in liver – Activity of GK (also known as high Km HK) falls – Activity of G6Pase inc, forming glucose for release ...
Phases of Cellular Respiration
... sometimes termed anaerobic respiration because it does not need oxygen. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and occurs in all living organisms. Glycolysis does not produce large amounts of ATP. There is a net production of 2. It predominates during early minutes of high-intensity exerc ...
... sometimes termed anaerobic respiration because it does not need oxygen. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and occurs in all living organisms. Glycolysis does not produce large amounts of ATP. There is a net production of 2. It predominates during early minutes of high-intensity exerc ...
bme-biochem-5-1-atp-adp-cycle-kh-6
... • Process is exergonic as high-energy glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O • Process is also catabolic because larger glucose breaks into smaller molecules ...
... • Process is exergonic as high-energy glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O • Process is also catabolic because larger glucose breaks into smaller molecules ...
1. The graph shows the relative levels of Cdk1 and cyclin B
... When glycolysis starts from glycogen instead of from glucose, only one ATP is needed for activation while 4 ATP are made in the glycolysis reactions. Are you really getting one extra ATP for free? The overall cost of adding one glucose to glycogen is 2 ATP: one to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosph ...
... When glycolysis starts from glycogen instead of from glucose, only one ATP is needed for activation while 4 ATP are made in the glycolysis reactions. Are you really getting one extra ATP for free? The overall cost of adding one glucose to glycogen is 2 ATP: one to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosph ...
Chapter 3
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... What are the four stages of cellular respiration? Where does each stage of cellular respiration occur? What is the big idea of stage one (glycolysis) of cellular respiration? What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule g ...
... What are the four stages of cellular respiration? Where does each stage of cellular respiration occur? What is the big idea of stage one (glycolysis) of cellular respiration? What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule g ...
0495116572_102921
... – Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to carboxylic acid, incorporation of inorganic phosphate into high-energy anhydride bond – Substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP – Phosphoglyceromutase – Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate – Phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates phosphate group to ADP – Lacate de ...
... – Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to carboxylic acid, incorporation of inorganic phosphate into high-energy anhydride bond – Substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP – Phosphoglyceromutase – Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate – Phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates phosphate group to ADP – Lacate de ...
Module code SB-2243 Module Title Introduction to Biochemistry
... and function of biologically important macromolecules and assemblies. It will also provide them with the concept of energy conservation and conversion processes in a living cell and thus lay a foundation in understanding the reactions of metabolism. Learning Outcomes ...
... and function of biologically important macromolecules and assemblies. It will also provide them with the concept of energy conservation and conversion processes in a living cell and thus lay a foundation in understanding the reactions of metabolism. Learning Outcomes ...
11/6/11 10:49 PM Metabolism Poster Questions: Answer the
... ancestral and more derived pathways. Since evolution frequently re-uses old structures in new ways, are there any pathways that seem related? 1. Glycolysis and fermentation (need each other) 2. photosynthesis 3. respiration 4. fatty acid metabolism 50. Compare the inner mitochondrial membrane with t ...
... ancestral and more derived pathways. Since evolution frequently re-uses old structures in new ways, are there any pathways that seem related? 1. Glycolysis and fermentation (need each other) 2. photosynthesis 3. respiration 4. fatty acid metabolism 50. Compare the inner mitochondrial membrane with t ...
Cellular respiration
... What 2 molecules transform pyrvate?___ What molecule is made and released through the cell membrane?___ What molecule is made and will go to the ETC?___ What does acetyl-Co A join with?_____ How many carbon atoms is citrate?_____ What gets recycled when citrate is made?___ After 1 cycle of Krebs cyc ...
... What 2 molecules transform pyrvate?___ What molecule is made and released through the cell membrane?___ What molecule is made and will go to the ETC?___ What does acetyl-Co A join with?_____ How many carbon atoms is citrate?_____ What gets recycled when citrate is made?___ After 1 cycle of Krebs cyc ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... H2O can be added to cis-aconitate in two different ways. Isocitrate is normally formed due to the low concentration of isocitrate, rapidly converted to a-ketoglutarate. ...
... H2O can be added to cis-aconitate in two different ways. Isocitrate is normally formed due to the low concentration of isocitrate, rapidly converted to a-ketoglutarate. ...
A. biotin
... A compound which decreases enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the substrate binding site A compound that decreases enzyme activity by binding to the same site as the substrate binding site Isoenzymes are ...
... A compound which decreases enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the substrate binding site A compound that decreases enzyme activity by binding to the same site as the substrate binding site Isoenzymes are ...
Cell Respiration (Smith 2010-11).
... membrane. What do we call this? C. Mechanical work–supplies energy to allow muscle contraction, separation of chromosomes etc. D. ATP is used in almost every function of the cell ...
... membrane. What do we call this? C. Mechanical work–supplies energy to allow muscle contraction, separation of chromosomes etc. D. ATP is used in almost every function of the cell ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑