Respiration - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... • Cellular energy is stored in a form called ATP • ATP stands for adenosinetriphosphate ...
... • Cellular energy is stored in a form called ATP • ATP stands for adenosinetriphosphate ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY - Georgia Institute of Technology
... Covalent Modifications Glycogen Phosphorylase cAMP activates PKA Glucagon stimulates this process ...
... Covalent Modifications Glycogen Phosphorylase cAMP activates PKA Glucagon stimulates this process ...
PRODUCT FACT SHEET - Taylormade Horse Supplies
... Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (Tying-Up). ER occurs when there is an inadequate flow of blood to the muscles of an exercising horse. The muscle cells, lacking in oxygen, begin to function anaerobically to produce the needed ATP. The anaerobic work creates a buildup of waste products, acid, and he ...
... Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (Tying-Up). ER occurs when there is an inadequate flow of blood to the muscles of an exercising horse. The muscle cells, lacking in oxygen, begin to function anaerobically to produce the needed ATP. The anaerobic work creates a buildup of waste products, acid, and he ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... - changes in gene transcription (hormonal control). - changes in protein synthesis (amino acid pathways). b. The catalytic activity of rate-limiting enzymes. - covalent modifications (phosphorylation). - non-covalent modifications (cAMP as an allosteric regulator). c. The accessibility of substrates ...
... - changes in gene transcription (hormonal control). - changes in protein synthesis (amino acid pathways). b. The catalytic activity of rate-limiting enzymes. - covalent modifications (phosphorylation). - non-covalent modifications (cAMP as an allosteric regulator). c. The accessibility of substrates ...
In order to gain 1lb in body fat over 1 year a person would have to
... 5. (6pts) How do insulin and acylation-stimulating protein work together to promote storage and retention of TAG in adipose tissue? Both insulin and ASP stimulate glucose uptake into cells (1 pt), thus inducing glycolysis in the cell. This provides the glycerol backbone (glycolytic intermediate) nee ...
... 5. (6pts) How do insulin and acylation-stimulating protein work together to promote storage and retention of TAG in adipose tissue? Both insulin and ASP stimulate glucose uptake into cells (1 pt), thus inducing glycolysis in the cell. This provides the glycerol backbone (glycolytic intermediate) nee ...
File
... consumer) and an elodea (a producer). The balance of gases in the ecosystem remains stable over a period of several days. The student concludes that the gas output of the snail equals the gas intake of the elodea and that the gas input of the snail equals the gas output of the elodea. Which finding ...
... consumer) and an elodea (a producer). The balance of gases in the ecosystem remains stable over a period of several days. The student concludes that the gas output of the snail equals the gas intake of the elodea and that the gas input of the snail equals the gas output of the elodea. Which finding ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Glyolysis – Sugar split, forming ATP and NADH • Krebs cycle – sugar fully broken down to CO2 forming NADH and FADH2 • Oxidative phosphorylation – lots of ATP made via chemiosmosis ...
... • Glyolysis – Sugar split, forming ATP and NADH • Krebs cycle – sugar fully broken down to CO2 forming NADH and FADH2 • Oxidative phosphorylation – lots of ATP made via chemiosmosis ...
Q#1,2,5-8 pg. 194
... ATP from a single glucose molecule. Cells that rely on fermentation to generate ATP using only glycolysis generate 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. Conversely aerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain and produces approximately 36–38 ATP per molecule of glucose. 2. (a) The major difference ...
... ATP from a single glucose molecule. Cells that rely on fermentation to generate ATP using only glycolysis generate 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. Conversely aerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain and produces approximately 36–38 ATP per molecule of glucose. 2. (a) The major difference ...
The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
Making basic science clinically relevant for learners: the biochemistry example Eric Niederhoffer
... • How does muscle produce ATP (carbohydrates, fatty acids, ketone bodies, branched-chain amino acids)? • How is skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase-1 regulated? • What are the key Ca2+ regulated steps? • How does nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells) produce ATP (carbohydrates, fatty acids, keton ...
... • How does muscle produce ATP (carbohydrates, fatty acids, ketone bodies, branched-chain amino acids)? • How is skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase-1 regulated? • What are the key Ca2+ regulated steps? • How does nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells) produce ATP (carbohydrates, fatty acids, keton ...
Today`s Objective: SOL 3.d
... The Krebs Cycle generates many highenergy hydrogen atoms Oxygen is added as an electron carrier at this stage When the oxygen binds with the hydrogen, energy is released to form ATP and water is made ...
... The Krebs Cycle generates many highenergy hydrogen atoms Oxygen is added as an electron carrier at this stage When the oxygen binds with the hydrogen, energy is released to form ATP and water is made ...
Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are
... Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are correct? a) G proteins are activated by twelve-membrane receptors only b) G proteins make up a large family of proteins that are involved in regulating enzymes, chemotaxis, visual excitation, and ion channels. c) G proteins cycle bet ...
... Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are correct? a) G proteins are activated by twelve-membrane receptors only b) G proteins make up a large family of proteins that are involved in regulating enzymes, chemotaxis, visual excitation, and ion channels. c) G proteins cycle bet ...
IB BIOLOGY: Respiration Notes - NatronaBiology-IB2
... Electrons are given to proton pumps that are embedded in the membrane between the matrix and inner membrane/cristae of the mitochondrion. The pumps are reduced, giving them energy to pump protons into the inner membrane space. The electrons are transferred along a chain of pumps, continuously losing ...
... Electrons are given to proton pumps that are embedded in the membrane between the matrix and inner membrane/cristae of the mitochondrion. The pumps are reduced, giving them energy to pump protons into the inner membrane space. The electrons are transferred along a chain of pumps, continuously losing ...
Glycolysis - Oregon State University
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
St Peter the Apostle High School BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
... B They have many more mitochondria than fast twitch muscle fibres. C They are better for activities like weightlifting and sprinting than fast twitch fibres. D They store fuel mainly as glycogen while fast twitch muscle fibres store fuel as fat. ...
... B They have many more mitochondria than fast twitch muscle fibres. C They are better for activities like weightlifting and sprinting than fast twitch fibres. D They store fuel mainly as glycogen while fast twitch muscle fibres store fuel as fat. ...
Catabolic pathways
... amount is small compared with the energy produced during the third stage of catabolism. ...
... amount is small compared with the energy produced during the third stage of catabolism. ...
Chapter 9 - H-W Science Website
... 4. Explain in general terms how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 5. Describe the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration. 6. In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state th ...
... 4. Explain in general terms how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 5. Describe the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration. 6. In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state th ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... ATP + H2O ⇔ ADP + Pi + 7 kcal/mole NAD nictinamide adenine dinucleotide Lactic acid + NAD ⇔ Pyruvic acid + NADH2 NAD molecules acts as a temporary H+ carrier NADH2 + 1/2 O2 ⇔ NAD + H2O + 52 kcal/mole If 52 kcal were released at once, then 7 kcal (ADP ATP) + 45 kcal of heat would be wasted. Instead, ...
... ATP + H2O ⇔ ADP + Pi + 7 kcal/mole NAD nictinamide adenine dinucleotide Lactic acid + NAD ⇔ Pyruvic acid + NADH2 NAD molecules acts as a temporary H+ carrier NADH2 + 1/2 O2 ⇔ NAD + H2O + 52 kcal/mole If 52 kcal were released at once, then 7 kcal (ADP ATP) + 45 kcal of heat would be wasted. Instead, ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)
... aerobic or anaerobic conditions), therefore this series of reactions evolved very early in prokaryotic organisms before oxygen was present in the atomosphere. • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... aerobic or anaerobic conditions), therefore this series of reactions evolved very early in prokaryotic organisms before oxygen was present in the atomosphere. • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chem331 Krebs Cycle
... (succinate, oxaloacetate) served as catalysts in O2 consumption and oxidative metabolism of glucose and pyruvate. • Szent-Gyorgyi determined the catalytic affect of small amounts of future TCA intermediates • Knoop (also key in fatty acid metabolism) the formation of citrate form OAA and Pyruvate • ...
... (succinate, oxaloacetate) served as catalysts in O2 consumption and oxidative metabolism of glucose and pyruvate. • Szent-Gyorgyi determined the catalytic affect of small amounts of future TCA intermediates • Knoop (also key in fatty acid metabolism) the formation of citrate form OAA and Pyruvate • ...
Pyruvate Oxidation
... directed into synthesis of fatty acids for long-term energy storage If ATP is needed, acetyl-co A is directed to the next part of cellular respiration: The Krebs Cycle ...
... directed into synthesis of fatty acids for long-term energy storage If ATP is needed, acetyl-co A is directed to the next part of cellular respiration: The Krebs Cycle ...
some of Chapter 25
... acetyl-CoA many DHAP glycerol some lipids are essential we can’t make them we have to ingest them linoleic acid, linolenic acid ...
... acetyl-CoA many DHAP glycerol some lipids are essential we can’t make them we have to ingest them linoleic acid, linolenic acid ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Kinase) results in inhibition of glycolysis stimulation of gluconeogenesis, making glucose available for release to the blood. ...
... Kinase) results in inhibition of glycolysis stimulation of gluconeogenesis, making glucose available for release to the blood. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑