Respiration of Glucose: The first stage of glucose metabolism is: is
... Respiration of Glucose: The first stage of glucose metabolism is: All steps are reversible except step #s ...
... Respiration of Glucose: The first stage of glucose metabolism is: All steps are reversible except step #s ...
A2 Aerobic respiration Link reaction Glucose cannot cross the
... glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle are used to synthesise ATP using the electron transport chain. Reduced coenzymes pass electrons to electron carriers located within the inner membrane of mitochondria. Folds called cristae create a larger surface area for attachment of these electron ...
... glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle are used to synthesise ATP using the electron transport chain. Reduced coenzymes pass electrons to electron carriers located within the inner membrane of mitochondria. Folds called cristae create a larger surface area for attachment of these electron ...
Q1. (a) Describe the part played by the inner membrane of a
... of aerobic respiration. Others saw the phrase “production of ATP” and gave a detailed account of reduction and oxidation along the electron transfer chain, often including the chemi-osmotic theory of ATP production. Those who read the question carefully realised that this wasn’t required and confine ...
... of aerobic respiration. Others saw the phrase “production of ATP” and gave a detailed account of reduction and oxidation along the electron transfer chain, often including the chemi-osmotic theory of ATP production. Those who read the question carefully realised that this wasn’t required and confine ...
Lecture 4 - Muscle Metabolism
... • Important for the first 30 – 40 sec. of strenuous activity if enzymes and fuel are available • Stored ATP, CP and glycolysis can support strenuous muscle activity for 60 sec. • At full speed lactic acid accumulates, lowering pH which halts reaction • At full speed, glucose might not be supplied fa ...
... • Important for the first 30 – 40 sec. of strenuous activity if enzymes and fuel are available • Stored ATP, CP and glycolysis can support strenuous muscle activity for 60 sec. • At full speed lactic acid accumulates, lowering pH which halts reaction • At full speed, glucose might not be supplied fa ...
Essential Concept of Metabolism
... Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being altered in the process. The generation of ATP 1. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P. 2. Addition of a p to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 3. During substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being altered in the process. The generation of ATP 1. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P. 2. Addition of a p to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 3. During substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Black-Chapter 5 – Essential Concept of Metabolism
... Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being altered in the process. The generation of ATP 1. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P. 2. Addition of a p to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 3. During substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being altered in the process. The generation of ATP 1. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P. 2. Addition of a p to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 3. During substrate-level phosphorylation ...
acetyl-CoA - Winona State University
... • Steps in TCA: structures, enzymes, and energy compounds, and carbon dioxide. • The energy Balance sheet for oxidation of a glucose to carbon dioxide. 1 glucose 38(sometimes36)ATP + 6 CO2 ...
... • Steps in TCA: structures, enzymes, and energy compounds, and carbon dioxide. • The energy Balance sheet for oxidation of a glucose to carbon dioxide. 1 glucose 38(sometimes36)ATP + 6 CO2 ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... electrons are transferred from fuel molecules (glucose) to oxygen as a final electron acceptor • Glycolysis – glucose (6C) is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) • TCA – processes pyruvic acid and generates 3 CO2 molecules • Electron transport chain – accepts electrons NADH and ...
... electrons are transferred from fuel molecules (glucose) to oxygen as a final electron acceptor • Glycolysis – glucose (6C) is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) • TCA – processes pyruvic acid and generates 3 CO2 molecules • Electron transport chain – accepts electrons NADH and ...
Honors Biology Notes:
... • 6x CO2 can yield ________________ of photosynthesis – atmospheric CO2 has increased ___________ in last 200 years; not enough to cause great increase in photosynthesis – greenhouse effect- greater impact on ________________________________________ than rate of photosynthesis • H2O- if plant goes d ...
... • 6x CO2 can yield ________________ of photosynthesis – atmospheric CO2 has increased ___________ in last 200 years; not enough to cause great increase in photosynthesis – greenhouse effect- greater impact on ________________________________________ than rate of photosynthesis • H2O- if plant goes d ...
Xe– + Y → X + Ye–
... 24. The step that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA at the top of the diagram occurs twice per glucose. This oxidation of pyruvate accounts for two additional reduced NADH molecules and two molecules of CO2. 25. Explain what has happened to each of the six carbons found in the original glucose molecul ...
... 24. The step that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA at the top of the diagram occurs twice per glucose. This oxidation of pyruvate accounts for two additional reduced NADH molecules and two molecules of CO2. 25. Explain what has happened to each of the six carbons found in the original glucose molecul ...
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
... The hexose monophosphate pathway has several names just to confuse you. It’s called the hexose monophosphate shunt or pathway (HMP shunt or pathway), or the pentose phosphate pathway, or the phosphogluconate pathway (Fig. 15-1). The pathway in its full form is complicated and has complicated stoichi ...
... The hexose monophosphate pathway has several names just to confuse you. It’s called the hexose monophosphate shunt or pathway (HMP shunt or pathway), or the pentose phosphate pathway, or the phosphogluconate pathway (Fig. 15-1). The pathway in its full form is complicated and has complicated stoichi ...
Must-Knows: Unit 4 (Cellular Respiration) Ms. Ottolini, AP Biology
... synthesis (see #10). 8. How is oxygen gas (O2) used during the electron transport chain? Oxygen gas is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Oxygen gas combines with electrons and free-floating H+ ions to form H2O (water!). 9. Why are their folds (aka cristae) in the inner mit ...
... synthesis (see #10). 8. How is oxygen gas (O2) used during the electron transport chain? Oxygen gas is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Oxygen gas combines with electrons and free-floating H+ ions to form H2O (water!). 9. Why are their folds (aka cristae) in the inner mit ...
Chapter 6
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
Name
... When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glyco ...
... When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glyco ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
... Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Adenosine ...
AP Biology Study Guide Exam 2
... Temperature- optimum temp, then it gets too hot or cold denatures protein pH- disrupts reaction due to changing charges present. Salinity- disrupts shape of enzyme Activators- keep enzyme working Inhibitors- keep enzyme inactive 4. Cellular Respiration Way for organisms to make ATP ...
... Temperature- optimum temp, then it gets too hot or cold denatures protein pH- disrupts reaction due to changing charges present. Salinity- disrupts shape of enzyme Activators- keep enzyme working Inhibitors- keep enzyme inactive 4. Cellular Respiration Way for organisms to make ATP ...
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration PPT
... • Chlorophyll – reflects green light (green leaves); uses red & blue ...
... • Chlorophyll – reflects green light (green leaves); uses red & blue ...
Chp. 8
... 6) Describe the reaction that occurs in the step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Identify the conditions necessary for pyruvate to enter the mitochondrion. ...
... 6) Describe the reaction that occurs in the step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Identify the conditions necessary for pyruvate to enter the mitochondrion. ...
Glycolysis
... the keto in pyruvate to a hydroxyl, yielding lactate, as NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate ...
... the keto in pyruvate to a hydroxyl, yielding lactate, as NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate ...
Honors Cellular Respiration
... What is Cellular Respiration? The release of chemical energy for use by cells. Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiratio ...
... What is Cellular Respiration? The release of chemical energy for use by cells. Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiratio ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑