Cell Respir/Ferm slide
... c) net yield of 32 or 34 ATP per glucose molecule d) 6 H2O are formed when the electrons unite with O2* at the end of electron transport chain. * Note: This is the function of oxygen in living organisms! ...
... c) net yield of 32 or 34 ATP per glucose molecule d) 6 H2O are formed when the electrons unite with O2* at the end of electron transport chain. * Note: This is the function of oxygen in living organisms! ...
Lesson 3.Carbohydrate Metabolism
... a molecule of citrate. The acetyl coenzyme A acts only as a transporter of acetic acid from one enzyme to another. After Step 1, the coenzyme is released by hydrolysis so that it may combine with another acetic acid molecule to begin the Krebs cycle again. ...
... a molecule of citrate. The acetyl coenzyme A acts only as a transporter of acetic acid from one enzyme to another. After Step 1, the coenzyme is released by hydrolysis so that it may combine with another acetic acid molecule to begin the Krebs cycle again. ...
Chapter 9
... NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction O2 pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP ...
... NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction O2 pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP ...
WEEK FOUR
... dihydroxyl acetone phosphate produced can be channeled to produce glycerol which is important in fat metabolism. 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde is converted to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate, this need an energy compound called NAD (nicotinic adenine dinucleotide). ...
... dihydroxyl acetone phosphate produced can be channeled to produce glycerol which is important in fat metabolism. 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde is converted to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate, this need an energy compound called NAD (nicotinic adenine dinucleotide). ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... bacterial cell into its outer membrane to contact metal directly. The proteins then bond with metal oxides, which the bacteria utilize the same way we use oxygen - to breathe. "We use the oxygen we breathe to release energy from our food. But in nature, bacteria don't always have access to oxygen," ...
... bacterial cell into its outer membrane to contact metal directly. The proteins then bond with metal oxides, which the bacteria utilize the same way we use oxygen - to breathe. "We use the oxygen we breathe to release energy from our food. But in nature, bacteria don't always have access to oxygen," ...
Lecture 33
... AMP, citrate and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP), but in a reciprocal manner. Reciprocal regulation refers to the fact that the same regulatory molecule has opposite effects on two enzymes that control a shared step in two reaction pathways. For example, when energy charge in the cell is low, A ...
... AMP, citrate and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP), but in a reciprocal manner. Reciprocal regulation refers to the fact that the same regulatory molecule has opposite effects on two enzymes that control a shared step in two reaction pathways. For example, when energy charge in the cell is low, A ...
Cellular Respiration - Ursuline High School
... of extracting to energy from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
... of extracting to energy from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... of extracting to energy from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
... of extracting to energy from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
HW #23 KEY 1. Adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of
... 33. Which organelle is illustrated in the figure? B – mitochondrion 34. Which process does not occur in the organelle illustrated above? A – glycolysis 35. Which is not a stage of cellular respiration? D – lactic acid fermentation 36. What is produced when the electrons leave the electron transport ...
... 33. Which organelle is illustrated in the figure? B – mitochondrion 34. Which process does not occur in the organelle illustrated above? A – glycolysis 35. Which is not a stage of cellular respiration? D – lactic acid fermentation 36. What is produced when the electrons leave the electron transport ...
Chapter 13 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
... - its breakdown is carefully controlled • Glycogen consists of "granules" of high MW • Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from the nonreducing ends of glycogen molecules • This is a phosphorolysis, not a hydrolysis • Metabolic advantage: product is a sugar-P - a "sort-of" glycolysis substrate ...
Glycolysis - Rose
... behavior is not understood, because the protein is thought to be monomeric. Note that near the typical blood concentration of glucose (~5 mM), hexokinase is operating near V max, while glucokinase activity changes essentially linearly with changes in glucose concentration. The mechanism of hexokinas ...
... behavior is not understood, because the protein is thought to be monomeric. Note that near the typical blood concentration of glucose (~5 mM), hexokinase is operating near V max, while glucokinase activity changes essentially linearly with changes in glucose concentration. The mechanism of hexokinas ...
File
... • Cytochrome C The NAD molecules then returns to the Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis to collect more hydrogen. • FADH binds to complex II, succinate dehydrogenase rather than complex I NADH dehydrogenase, to release its hydrogen. • The electrons are passed down the chain of proteins complexes from I to I ...
... • Cytochrome C The NAD molecules then returns to the Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis to collect more hydrogen. • FADH binds to complex II, succinate dehydrogenase rather than complex I NADH dehydrogenase, to release its hydrogen. • The electrons are passed down the chain of proteins complexes from I to I ...
Integration of Metabolism: Power Point presentation
... Insulin binds to receptor Stimulates synthesis of secondary messenger (inositol triphosphate, IP3 ) IP3 activates protein kinase that in turn catalyzes phosphorylation of key enzymes ...
... Insulin binds to receptor Stimulates synthesis of secondary messenger (inositol triphosphate, IP3 ) IP3 activates protein kinase that in turn catalyzes phosphorylation of key enzymes ...
Introduction to the study of cell biology
... The electrochemical gradient resulting from transport of protons links to oxidative phosphorylation. When electrons are transported along the chain, the H+ is translocated across the inner membrane. The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to H+ . When protons flow in the reverse directio ...
... The electrochemical gradient resulting from transport of protons links to oxidative phosphorylation. When electrons are transported along the chain, the H+ is translocated across the inner membrane. The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to H+ . When protons flow in the reverse directio ...
Cellular Respiration
... 4. Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! 5. Which step of cell respiration breaks down glucose? 6. The Acetyl CoA enzyme from step 1 enters step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle and forms ___ & ___. 7. The electrons from step 2 enter step 3 and make how many ATP? ...
... 4. Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! 5. Which step of cell respiration breaks down glucose? 6. The Acetyl CoA enzyme from step 1 enters step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle and forms ___ & ___. 7. The electrons from step 2 enter step 3 and make how many ATP? ...
Chapter 20 Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and
... Glycolysis This isomerization is most easily seen by considering the open-chain forms of each monosaccharide. It is one ketoenol tautomerism followed by another. ...
... Glycolysis This isomerization is most easily seen by considering the open-chain forms of each monosaccharide. It is one ketoenol tautomerism followed by another. ...
Cellular-Respiration Student
... Remaining 2-C compounds become an acetic acid group 1. High energy hydrogens are transferred to NAD+ ...
... Remaining 2-C compounds become an acetic acid group 1. High energy hydrogens are transferred to NAD+ ...
how cells obtain energy from food
... early, energy-investment phase, glycolysis results in the net synthesis of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules per molecule of glucose (see also Panel 2–8). ...
... early, energy-investment phase, glycolysis results in the net synthesis of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules per molecule of glucose (see also Panel 2–8). ...
link-1 to past exam paper - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... reactions. The key molecule most used as the energy currency of biological systems is ________________. This energy carrier molecule contains two _____________________ bonds, and is an example of an activated carrier. The group this molecule carries is the ________________ group. Other activated car ...
... reactions. The key molecule most used as the energy currency of biological systems is ________________. This energy carrier molecule contains two _____________________ bonds, and is an example of an activated carrier. The group this molecule carries is the ________________ group. Other activated car ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑