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Cellular Respiration
Unit 7 Targets
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handouts
# test
pts
Describe the location, function, reactants, products,
enzymatic actions, and ATP production for
Glycolysis.
9.2
Target
Practice/Wiki
10
Describe the location, function, reactants, products,
enzymatic actions, and ATP production for
Intermediate Step (Bridge Reaction).
9.3
Target
Practice/Wiki
3
Describe the location, function, reactants, products,
enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Krebs
(Citric Acid) Cycle.
9.3
Target
Practice/Wiki
8
9.4
Target
Practice/Wiki
10
9.2-9.4
Target
Practice/Wiki
4
9.5
Target
Practice/Wiki
3
10.2 (p. 196198)
Target
Practice/Wiki
2
9.1
Target
Practice/Wiki
5
8.1-8.3
Target
Practice/Wiki
5
8.3
Target
Practice/Wiki
3
CONTENT-BASED TARGETS
I
BI 2
II
BI 2
III
BI 2
IV
BI 2
V
BI 2
VI
BI 2
VII
BI 2
VIII
BI 2
IX
BI 2
X
BI 2
Describe the location, function, reactants, products,
membrane proteins, & enzymatic actions for
Electron Transport Chain. Explain how the
chemiosmosis model generates ATP.
Identify mathematical relationships describing
conversions from one molecule to another.
Examples: 1 glucose yields 2 pyruvate, 1 NADH
makes 3 ATP in ETC, 1 FADH2 makes 2 ATP in
ETC, each pyruvate makes 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
in Kreb’s, etc…
Describe the connection between glycolysis and the
fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid)
in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location,
function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions
for each step. Be able to summarize inputs and
outputs for the entire anaerobic process including
ATP production.
Compare and contrast the processes of aerobic
cellular respiration in the mitochondria and
photosynthesis in the chloroplast.
Identify and explain the significance of redox
reactions, oxidative phosphorylation, substratelevel phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and
hydrolysis in the biochemical pathways of aerobic
cellular respiration.
Apply the first law of thermodynamics to the
relationship between exergonic reactions,
endergonic reactions, catabolism, anabolism and
energy transfer (ATP & heat).
Describe the structure of ATP. Explain how the
hydrolysis and regeneration of ATP relates to
metabolism.
1
PROCESS-BASED TARGETS
Conduct an experiment and analyze the data to
A
SP 2, 4,
5, 6
determine the effect of various factors on the rate
of cellular respiration using colorimeters and
Logger Pro computer software.
2
Cellular
Respiration Lab
2
MC
The Cellular Respiration Story (Practice related to TARGETS I through X)
Using the following list of words, fill in the blanks with the correct term. Some
terms may be used more than once.
+
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, pyruvate, ATP, NADH/H ,
cytoplasm, oxygen, carbon dioxide (CO2), matrix of mitochondria, FADH2,
+
proton (H ), gradient, mitochondria, inner membrane, electron carriers,
+
+
proton (H ) pumps, protons (H ), intermembrane space, matrix, electron
transport chain, glucose, ATP synthase, phosphate, ADP, greater, diffuse,
electrons, chemiosmosis, water.
Aerobic cellular respiration is composed of three steps. The steps, in order,
are _______________, ________________ and
____________________________. During _____________, some of the
potential energy of a primary foodstuff, e.g., the sugar ____________, is
released during a series of chemical reactions that occur in the ____________
of the cell. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar molecule, is converted to two molecules of
______________, a three-carbon molecule. In addition, a small amount of the
total energy in glucose is stored in a few molecules of ________, the energy
carrier of the cell, and some high-energy, electron carriers ________________.
Glycolysis does not require _____________ and does not generate the gas
________________________.
_______________, the end product of glycolysis is converted to acetyl
CoA, with the release of one molecule of carbon dioxide, for further processing
by the __________________ that occurs in the
________________________________. In the Krebs cycle some high energy,
electron carriers _______________ and ________________, and ________,
energy carrier, are generated. Two ______________ molecules are released for
each cycle of the Krebs cycle.
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle generate only a small amount of _____ – only
4 molecules per molecule of glucose. A large amount of the chemical energy from
+
glucose is stored in the form of the electron carriers NADH/H generated during
________________ and ______________ and FADH2 generated only during
the _________________.
3
The _________________________ converts the energy stored in
+
NADH/H and FADH2 into potential energy in the form of a
___________________. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins
located in the ______________________________. The proteins act as
__________________ and some of them are __________________. The first
protein of the electron transport chain accepts ________________ from
+
_______________ regenerating NAD that returns to function in either
glycolysis or the Krebs cycle. Electrons are then transferred sequentially down
the _______________________. The final electron acceptor is ____________
+
which combines with hydrogen ions (H ) to form _______________. The energy
released as the electrons move through certain electron carriers is used to pump
____________ from the _____________ of mitochondria into the
____________________ of mitochondria. This results in the
__________________ that serves as a potential energy source. The
concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space
than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely
_____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move
across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the
energy released by the movement of _______________ through the protein is
used to add a _____________ group to _______ to create ____________.
This process is called _________________________________.
Rotenone (a moderately toxic pesticide) inhibits the transfer of
_______________ to the first electron carrier of the
_______________________. Therefore there is no electron transport chain
activity to generate a ______________________. Without the proton gradient,
no ______ can be made via chemiosmosis. Other inhibitory compounds like
dintrophenol that make the ___________________ of the mitochondria leaky
(permeable), block the formation of the ____________________ necessary to
drive ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.
URL: http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/study_guides/scenarios/Handouts/aerobic_story.pdf
Thanks to Dr. Hoefnagels and Dr. French at Oklahoma State University for permission to use this resource.
4
Targets I-IV
Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Glycolysis.
Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Intermediate
Step (Bridge Reaction).
Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Krebs (Citric
Acid) Cycle.
Describe the location, function, reactants, products, membrane proteins, & enzymatic actions for Electron
Transport Chain. Explain how the chemiosmosis model generates ATP.
1. Draw a cell that contains a mitochondrion, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Put a star where glycolysis occurs, a
circle where the bridge reaction occurs, a square where the Krebs cycle occurs, and a triangle where the
ETC occurs.
2. Fill out the following chart
Glycolysis
Location
Bridge Reaction
Function
Reactants
Products
ATPproduction
(amount)
Is NADH made or
used? (amount)
Is FADH2 made or
used? (amount)
Is Oxygen used?
5
Krebs Cycle
ETC
2. Label the following diagram showing how the ETC works.
Target V- Identify mathematical relationships describing conversions from one molecule to another.
1. In the _______________, _________glucose yields_______pyruvate, ______NADH, and a net of
_______ATP.
2. In the bridge reaction, _________pyruvate yields ________CO2, _______NADH, and ______acetyl COA
Use the following diagram to answer the questions below.
3. For each pyruvate, ________CO2 ________NADH, ________FADH2, and _______ATP are produced.
4. What is the fate of the NADH and FADH2?
6
Target VI- Describe the connection between glycolysis and the fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid)
in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions for each step.
Be able to summarize inputs and outputs for the entire anaerobic process including ATP production.
1. Fill in the diagram below:
2. Why is carbon dioxide a product for alcoholic fermentation but not for lactic acid fermentation?
3. What types of cells do anaerobic respiraiton?
4. Why don’t all cells do this type of respiration?
5. Which cells do alcoholic fermentation and which do lactic acid fermentation?
6. When would cells in your body do fermentation? What occurs when that happens?
7. Anaerobic threshold is a term that means “The level above which pyruvate—an intermediate
product of anaerobic metabolism—is produced faster than it can be used aerobically; unused
pyruvate splits into lactate (lactic acid) and positively charged hydrogen ions; continued
exercise above the lactate, or anaerobic, threshold results in accumulation of these ions—
acidosis—causing exhaustion and intramuscular pain”
Why does developing a strong
cardiovascular system increase the anaerobic threshold?
7
Target VII- Compare and contrast the processes of aerobic cellular respiration in the mitochondria and
photosynthesis in the chloroplast.
1. Make a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
2. State 4 ways that photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are opposite processes.
3. Plants are to photosynteheis as animals are to __________________. (Hint—the answer IS NOT
RESPIRATION)
Target VIII- Identify and explain the significance of redox reactions, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate-level
phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis in the biochemical pathways of aerobic cellular respiration.
1. Fill in the following chart
Definition
Where it occurs during or before cellular
respiration
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Substrate
level
phosphorylation
Decarboxylation
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
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Target IX- Apply the first law of thermodynamics to the relationship between exergonic reactions,
endergonic reactions, catabolism, anabolism and energy transfer (ATP & heat).
1. State the first law of thermodynamics in words.
2. How are catabolism and anabolism related?
3. Use words from the target to fill in the blanks. Cellular respiration is a __________________reaction.
Energy is transferred from _______to _______and some is given off as _____________. This makes it
a _____________reaction.
Target X- Describe the structure of ATP. Explain how the hydrolysis and regeneration of ATP relates to
metabolism.
1. Label the picture below
2. On the picture above, show where the bond is that is continually broken and reformed.
3. When the bond from number 2 is broken, ____________is made and energy is
____________
4. When does the forward reaction occur? When does the reverse reaction occur?
ATP --- ADP + P
5. During many catabolic reactions, ATP is __________, while during many anabolic
reactions, ATP is ___________
9