Download ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint

Heart Rate




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You can measure it by taking your pulse (1
pulse= 1 heartbeat)
Measure YOUR resting heart rate by
counting pulse for 15 sec
Multiply this by 4 to calc beats/minute
Run in place for 30 seconds!! Do it!
Sit down and determine your bpm again and
compare
Why does it increase???
Athletes
Weightlifter 65bpm
 Football player 55bpm
 Swimmer 40bpm
 Marathon Runner 40bpm
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Why so low?
ADP, ATP and
Cellular
Respiration
Where do organisms get
energy?
Stored in food we eat in unit of calories
 calorie= amount of energy needed to
raise temp of 1g water by 1°C
 Calorie= 1000 calories

1 g protein=4Cal
1 g fat= 9 Cal
What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds
Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
What Does ATP Do for
You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy From
ATP?
By breaking
the highenergy bonds
between the
last two
phosphates
in ATP
ADP  ATP
This low energy ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
needs a 3rd phosphate to make ATP
 Phosphorylation
 Requires energy

http://biologyin
motion.com/atp
/index.html
When is ATP Made in the
Body?
During a
Process called
Cellular
Respiration
that takes
place in both
Plants &
Animals
Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
1
1) Glucose will be broken down repeatedly, forming CO2
Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
NAD
2
3
2) Hydrogen gets transferred to oxygen via NAD
(hydrogen holder)  forming H2O
3)
Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
4
4) Breaking apart this one glucose can give 36 ATP
*40% of energy released is used to make ATP, 60% escapes
as heat
What happens when you
workout?….
– Breaking down sugars you ate
– Breathing more (O2)
– Exhaling more (CO2)
– Sweating more (H2O)
– Get hot!
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
What Carries the Electrons?

NAD+ and FAD+
are coenzymes

NADH and FADH2
serves as carriers
for H+ ions and
electrons
Mitochondria Structure
Folds increase
S.A. for reaxns
What are the Stages of
Cellular Respiration?
 Glycolysis
(cytoplasm)
 The Krebs Cycle (mitochondria
matrix)
 The Electron Transport Chain
(inner mitochondrial membrane)
Diagram of the Process
Glycolysis: Sugar splitting
GLUCOSE
2 ATP
invested
C-C-C-C-C-C
4 ATP
2 NADH
2 PYRUVATE C-C-C + C-C-C
NET GAIN of 2 ATP
Glycolysis Summary
Anaerobic (doesn’t use oxygen)
 Happens in cytoplasm of cell
 Glucose splits into two pyruvate
molecules
 Produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP
2 ATP
(net 2ATP)
 Occurs very quickly

Krebs Cycle
2 Pyruvate C-C-C + C-C-C
2 CO2
2 NADH
2Acetyl CoA
C-C + C-C
C + C + C + C
KREBS
CYCLE
4 CO2
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Krebs Cycle Summary
Aerobic Respiration (requires O2)
 Occurs in mitochondria matrix
(necessary enzymes there)

Pyruvate (3C) Acetyl CoA (2C) CO2
 Glucose gets completely broken down

Krebs Cycle
ATP
Electron Transport Chain
Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial
membrane (cristae)
 NADH and FADH2 pass e- down chain
of coenzymes in membrane
(like hot potato)

ETC continued
As e- travel, energy is released
that pushes H+ across membrane
 H+ build up, and cross back through
ATP synthase pump


H+ unite with O2 as it comes out
pump to form H2O (THIS IS WHY
WE BREATHE!!
32 ATP
 32
ATP
produced
Electron Transport Chain
The Totals

Together glycolysis, Krebs and ETC
produce 36 ATP per glucose molecule
36% of glucose energy is used to make
ATP, 64% gets released as heat
 Is this efficient?

Anaerobic Respiration
2 ATP
Glycolysis
 If O2 present Krebs ETC (aerobic)
 If O2 is NOT present  FERMENTATION

– Lactic acid (muscles, cause fatigue)
– Alcoholic (breads, yeast, beer) CO2 is produced
Anaerobic Respiration
GLUCOSE
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 PYRUVATE
Lactic Acid (muscles)
FERMENTATION
If O2
available
------------------------Aerobic Resp in
mitochondria
Alcohol (yeasts)
Lactic Acid
O2 conditions like in heavy exercise (animals)
 Muscle cells swap to anaerobic resp until O2
becomes available (reversible)
 Lactic acid builds up, cause muscle fatigue

Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvates convert into ethanol and CO2
 Occurs in yeasts

Yeast
produce CO2
bubbles
Beer alcohol
and CO2
bubbles you
see