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RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis

...  Used to build proteins. ...
Chapter 2 Summary
Chapter 2 Summary

... 8. Phospholipids contain 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate group; they are critical components of membranes. 9. PROTEINS are made from 21 amino acids. Amino acids have an amino group on one end and the carboxyl (acid) group in the other. They are different because of the 21 different side groups ...
Lesson 2
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... • A cell functions How is this information accessed? How does this information determine how the cell functions? http://imgarcade.com/ ...
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... Subject: The structure and replication of DNA. Reading in ‘An introduction to genetic analysis’ (Griffiths et al., 7th edition) Chapter 8: The structure and replication of DNA. ________________________________________________________________________ Key concepts and keywords: DNA: the genetic materi ...
Transcription lesson
Transcription lesson

... Is single-stranded, but can fold back on itself Ribose sugar (not deoxyribose like DNA) Uracil is in place of thymine ...
Chemistry Review - Petal School District
Chemistry Review - Petal School District

... nucleotides, each made of: sugar phosphate nitrogen base ...
Carbon (Organic) Chemistry
Carbon (Organic) Chemistry

... They are the main source of energy for living things. They have structural purposes in plants and animals Monomers are monosaccharides, Polymers are polysaccharides ...
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

... Monosaccharides - simple sugars. • BDisaccharides - double sugars A ...
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids

... • The two strands are Antiparallel wrt 5’& 3’ ends. • They are held together by Hydrogen Bonds between the bases. • H-Bond energies are weak BUT there are many of them which makes the duplex DNA very stable. • Bases are Complementary such that: – A always pairs with T (2 H Bonds). – C always pairs w ...
How does DNA control cell activities?
How does DNA control cell activities?

... • Free RNA nucleotides form complimentary base ...
Q on Genetic Control of Protein Structure and function – Chapter 5
Q on Genetic Control of Protein Structure and function – Chapter 5

... Draw a diagram of a single DNA nucleotide. Which enzyme turns DNA nucleotides into a polynucleotide? Explain what is meant by “complementary base pairing”. What type of bond holds the two DNA strands together? What are the 2 essential functions of DNA? What are the 2 main types of RNA and what are t ...
Biological Molecules Test Review Test covers carbohydrates, lipids
Biological Molecules Test Review Test covers carbohydrates, lipids

DNA
DNA

... • Why: DNA can’t leave the nucleus but the message must get to the ribosome • You are now using U’s no T’s. • RNA polymerase – Enzyme that brings in RNA nucleotides to match up with DNA ...
DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Study Guide
DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Study Guide

... Concepts to know structure of a nucleotide structure of DNA monomer of DNA bonding of DNA molecule base pairing, A-T, C-G steps involved in replication direction replication occurs antiparallel nature of DNA product at the end of replication when in cell’s life cycle replication occurs where in cell ...
Chapter 12 SWBAT`s and Standards
Chapter 12 SWBAT`s and Standards

... What did scientists discover about the relationship between genes and DNA? What is the overall structure of the DNA molecule? What happens during DNA replication? What are the three main types of RNA? What is transcription? What is translation? ...
Chapter 2 Test
Chapter 2 Test

... molecule that provides most of the energy for cellular processes is called ATP. ...
Protein Synthesis Review Sheet
Protein Synthesis Review Sheet

... 1. What does ‘RNA’ stand for? 2. What are the 4 bases of RNA and how do they pair up? a. b. c. d. 3. Name the two types of RNA and the basic function of each. II. Protein Synthesis List the 5 steps of protein synthesis here (use separate notes handout): ...
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lecture1

... treatment of this DNA with the enzyme produces 11 fragments, each with a precise length and nucleotide sequence. These fragments can be separated from one another and the sequence of each determined. HaeIII and AluI cut straight across the double helix producing "blunt" ends. However, many restricti ...
optional activity key File
optional activity key File

... sequestered in the interior (like jelly in a sandwich) where they do not have to interact with water. Nucleic Acid ...
Name__________________________ Date______ Period
Name__________________________ Date______ Period

... 7. Do some amino acids have more than one codon? Give an example. 8. Name the start codon. 9. Name the 3 stop codons. 10. Define translation. ...
Genetics Unit Test
Genetics Unit Test

... 31. Which scientist made DNA images by using X-ray diffraction? a. Rosalind Franklin c. Erwin Chargaff b. James Watson d. Francis Crick 32. In RNA the base thymine is replaced with what base? a. Protein c. Cytosine b. Uracil d. Adenine 33. Each set of three bases is a code for a. a specific cell. c. ...
Worksheet 6 - Iowa State University
Worksheet 6 - Iowa State University

... 4. How does sigma recognize the promoter? Can sigma always bind to the promoter? ...
DNA Repair - College of Arts and Sciences at Lamar University
DNA Repair - College of Arts and Sciences at Lamar University

... -Spontaneous depurination due to cleavage of the glycosyl bond connecting purines to the backbone (the depurinated sites are called abasic or AP [apurinic] sites) -Bases are oxidized by oxygen species -Occasionally, bases are methylated or alkylated -Ultraviolet radiation may covalently link adjacen ...
Unit 5 Test Review KEY 2014
Unit 5 Test Review KEY 2014

... 3. What is translation and where does it occur in the cell? Using the mRNA message to make proteins; occurs at the ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm. ...
The four types of nucleotides in DNA are Adenine, Thymine
The four types of nucleotides in DNA are Adenine, Thymine

... All of the above 2. What does DNA polymerase do? A. Unwinds a strand of DNA so replication can take place B. Creates enzymes used in replication C. Matches the nucleotides on a strand of DNA to their complement D. Generates chemical signals triggering replication 3. Which nucleotide does uracil repl ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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