Download Carbon (Organic) Chemistry

CARBON (ORGANIC)
CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION TO MACROMOLECULES
Macromolecules are large molecules, also known as
polymers. Polymers are built by smaller units called
monomers. The process of joining together monomers
is called polymerization.
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
CARBOHYDRATE CHARACTERISTICS
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Made up of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen in
a ratio of 1:2:1
They are the main source
of energy for living
things.
They have structural
purposes in plants and
animals
Monomers are
monosaccharides,
Polymers are
polysaccharides
Important carbohydrates are:
 Glucose: The energy for all
cell activities
 Starches: Complex
carbohydrates that living
things use to store sugar
 Glycogen: A sugar storage
molecule
LIPID CHARACTERISTICS
Made from carbon and hydrogen atoms
 Common types are fats, oils and waxes
 Can be used to store energy
 Formed when a glycerol combines with a fatty acid
 Fatty acids that are connected by single bonded
carbons are called saturated fatty acids
 Fatty acids that are connected by double bonded
carbons are called unsaturated fatty acids
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LIPID
NUCLEIC ACID
A macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
 Monomers are a nucleotides: These consist of a 5carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
 Nucleic acids are the polymers
 Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary
(genetic information)
 The two types are ribonucleic acid (RNA) and
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
Contain carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and oxygen
 Monomers are amino acids,
which contain an amino group
(-NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)

WHAT DO PROTEINS DO?
Control the rate of
chemical reactions
 Aid in the replication
of DNA
 Help your body
respond to stimuli
 Transport molecules
around your body

PROTEIN STRUCTURES
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
 How
do we obtain macromolecules?
 What
do we do with the macromolecules
that we break down in our body?