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CBSE-12th/2011/CHEMISTRY
CBSE-12th/2011/CHEMISTRY

... (ii)O=O is a much stronger bond than O-O (about 3 times). Also, O has a small size. S is larger in size. so lp repulsion is less significant. Also, S-S bond is stronger than O-O bond & S=S is less strong(less than 2 S-S bonds). This is also affected by the fact that O forms strong bonds with mostly ...
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... Add 20 - 30 ml of water to the round bottom and distill about 30 ml of distillate into a graduated cylinder. The distillate should be a mixture of cyclohexanone and water that contains excess acetic acid. Transfer the distillate to a separatory funnel or beaker. 6. Add 3.5 grams of sodium carbonate ...
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Group 2 - UC Davis Canvas
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Glossary The definitions in this glossary have
Glossary The definitions in this glossary have

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... 3.9 describe the manufacture of ethanol by passing ethene and steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst at a temperature of about 300°C and a pressure of about 60–70 atm 3.10 describe the manufacture of ethanol by the fermentation of sugars, for example glucose, at a temperature of about 30°C 3.11 evalu ...
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Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
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