Bonding 1. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic
... 7. Consider the following gas-phase equilibrium: H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g) At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc is 4.0. Starting with equimolar quantities of H2 and I2 and no HI, when equilibrium was established, 0.20 moles of HI was present. How much H2 was used to start the reaction ...
... 7. Consider the following gas-phase equilibrium: H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g) At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc is 4.0. Starting with equimolar quantities of H2 and I2 and no HI, when equilibrium was established, 0.20 moles of HI was present. How much H2 was used to start the reaction ...
Chapter 17: Organic Chemistry
... Alcohols are: • classified by the number of carbon groups attached to the carbon atom bound to the -OH group: Primary Alcohol when one carbon group attached Secondary Alcohols when two carbon groups are ...
... Alcohols are: • classified by the number of carbon groups attached to the carbon atom bound to the -OH group: Primary Alcohol when one carbon group attached Secondary Alcohols when two carbon groups are ...
Addition of ketene to ethylene oxide
... one, ketene has also been allowed to react with a wide variety of reagents. ...
... one, ketene has also been allowed to react with a wide variety of reagents. ...
Carboxylates/esters vs ketones/aldehydes
... BH3 becomes B(OC2H5)3 by reacting with ethanol, then, when heated with water, becomes B(OH)3. The mechanism of the NaBH4 reduction in a protic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, and water is known to be quite complex since NaBH4 reacts with the solvent, e.g., NaBH4 + C2H5OH → NaBH3(OC2H5) + H2 Becau ...
... BH3 becomes B(OC2H5)3 by reacting with ethanol, then, when heated with water, becomes B(OH)3. The mechanism of the NaBH4 reduction in a protic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, and water is known to be quite complex since NaBH4 reacts with the solvent, e.g., NaBH4 + C2H5OH → NaBH3(OC2H5) + H2 Becau ...
Notes
... Definition/Functional group: contain at least one benzene ring, often with other groups added (“substituted” for hydrogen). Benzene exists as a resonance structure. It is also a carcinogen. Prefix: Benz Examples Benzene Benzaldehyde ...
... Definition/Functional group: contain at least one benzene ring, often with other groups added (“substituted” for hydrogen). Benzene exists as a resonance structure. It is also a carcinogen. Prefix: Benz Examples Benzene Benzaldehyde ...
01. Structure and properties of organic compounds. Aldehydes fnd
... Saturated — compounds that contain only bonds and nо - bonds (simple – C – C – bonds). Alkanes — saturated hydrocarbons that contain only – C – C – and – C – H – bonds. Unsaturated — compounds that contain bonds and - bonds (double bonds (– C = C –) or triple (– C C – ) bonds, and simple – ...
... Saturated — compounds that contain only bonds and nо - bonds (simple – C – C – bonds). Alkanes — saturated hydrocarbons that contain only – C – C – and – C – H – bonds. Unsaturated — compounds that contain bonds and - bonds (double bonds (– C = C –) or triple (– C C – ) bonds, and simple – ...
Biodiesel preparation in batch emulgation reactor
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
Oct/Nov 15 Paper 1 - Multiple Choice (Core) QP
... Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. Electronic calculators may be used. ...
... Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. Electronic calculators may be used. ...
Ch. 6: Chemical Reactions Study Guide
... In endothermic reactions energy is transferred from the surroundings into the reactants. An endothermic reaction is one in which heat is transferred from the surroundings to the reactants. In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from the reactants to the surroundings. A chemical reaction th ...
... In endothermic reactions energy is transferred from the surroundings into the reactants. An endothermic reaction is one in which heat is transferred from the surroundings to the reactants. In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from the reactants to the surroundings. A chemical reaction th ...
An introduction to organometallic chemistry
... What stabilizes CO complexes is M→C π–bonding. The lower the formal charge on the metal ion, the more willing it is to donate electrons to the π–orbitals of the CO. Thus, metal ions with higher formal charges, e.g. Fe(II) form CO complexes with much greater difficulty than do zero-valent metal ions ...
... What stabilizes CO complexes is M→C π–bonding. The lower the formal charge on the metal ion, the more willing it is to donate electrons to the π–orbitals of the CO. Thus, metal ions with higher formal charges, e.g. Fe(II) form CO complexes with much greater difficulty than do zero-valent metal ions ...
5.3 Organic Compounds
... Organic Compounds Organic compounds ALWAYS contain Carbon and ALMOST ALWAYS contain ...
... Organic Compounds Organic compounds ALWAYS contain Carbon and ALMOST ALWAYS contain ...
Abstract OXIDATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS AND CYCLIZATIONS
... catalytic system, without the use of any additives and base. In chapter III, the same KITBHP catalytic system was used for the oxidative transformation of alcohols, aldehydes and amines into nitriles. Chapter IV deals with the selective oxidation of aromatic amines to nitro derivatives and oxidation ...
... catalytic system, without the use of any additives and base. In chapter III, the same KITBHP catalytic system was used for the oxidative transformation of alcohols, aldehydes and amines into nitriles. Chapter IV deals with the selective oxidation of aromatic amines to nitro derivatives and oxidation ...
Synthesis and reactions of silicon containing cyclic a
... easily be identified as disappearance of distinct trimethylsilyl groups in NMR spectrum. By treatment of 16 with deuterium chloride in CCl4 , 35% deuterium exchanged product 19 was observed as determined by 1 H NMR and mass spectral analysis. While reaction with trifluoroacetic acid, compound 16 rearr ...
... easily be identified as disappearance of distinct trimethylsilyl groups in NMR spectrum. By treatment of 16 with deuterium chloride in CCl4 , 35% deuterium exchanged product 19 was observed as determined by 1 H NMR and mass spectral analysis. While reaction with trifluoroacetic acid, compound 16 rearr ...
Microsoft Word
... keto esters by yttria- zirconia based Lewis acid Transesterification is an important reaction, which has wide application both in academic and industrial research.8 In general, the transesterification is accelerated by protic acid, Lewis acids and basic catalyst such as 4(dimethylamino)pyridine, me ...
... keto esters by yttria- zirconia based Lewis acid Transesterification is an important reaction, which has wide application both in academic and industrial research.8 In general, the transesterification is accelerated by protic acid, Lewis acids and basic catalyst such as 4(dimethylamino)pyridine, me ...
14 - Oxidation of Alcohols - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... upside-down in a beaker or Erlenmeyer. This will allow enough time for all of the acetone to run out of the tube before you add your sample, preventing the appearance of a huge acetone peak in your spectrum. (This is general good practice for NMR spectra in future labs as well.) Also clean out a via ...
... upside-down in a beaker or Erlenmeyer. This will allow enough time for all of the acetone to run out of the tube before you add your sample, preventing the appearance of a huge acetone peak in your spectrum. (This is general good practice for NMR spectra in future labs as well.) Also clean out a via ...
de48db8e6ca67d8
... • Rancidity is due to a combination of two reactions: Bacterial hydrolysis of ester bonds. Air oxidation of alkene double bonds. ...
... • Rancidity is due to a combination of two reactions: Bacterial hydrolysis of ester bonds. Air oxidation of alkene double bonds. ...
organic chemistry i
... Free-radical halogenation of alkenes: substitution vs. addition Free-radical substitution in alkenes: orientation and reactivity Free-radical substitution in alkenes: allylic rearrangement Symmetry of the allyl radical The theory of resonance The allyl radical as a resonance hybrid Stability of the ...
... Free-radical halogenation of alkenes: substitution vs. addition Free-radical substitution in alkenes: orientation and reactivity Free-radical substitution in alkenes: allylic rearrangement Symmetry of the allyl radical The theory of resonance The allyl radical as a resonance hybrid Stability of the ...
TV RajanBabu Chemistry, 730 Autumn 1997
... Asymmetric catalysis in aldol synthesis : Mukaiyama, Carreira, Evans and others Ito’s gold-catalyzed aldol reactions (a Knoevenagel-type reaction, see later) of -isocyanoacetates Aldol reactions of ester enolates (how to make E- enolates better) ...
... Asymmetric catalysis in aldol synthesis : Mukaiyama, Carreira, Evans and others Ito’s gold-catalyzed aldol reactions (a Knoevenagel-type reaction, see later) of -isocyanoacetates Aldol reactions of ester enolates (how to make E- enolates better) ...
File
... The properties of alcohols are a function of the hydrogen bonding associated with the highly polar "OH" bond. Short chain alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and propanols have the unique property of being soluble in nonpolar and polar solvents. This makes them very useful for cleaning oily materials. ...
... The properties of alcohols are a function of the hydrogen bonding associated with the highly polar "OH" bond. Short chain alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and propanols have the unique property of being soluble in nonpolar and polar solvents. This makes them very useful for cleaning oily materials. ...
Homogeneously catalysed hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids
... This equation, which represents a hyperbola, allows a simple representation of a complicated chemical reaction and is of practical importance for a systematic study of catalytic processes. It was found that the course of the hydrogenation of unsaturated acids under influence of Cu- and Cd-soaps can ...
... This equation, which represents a hyperbola, allows a simple representation of a complicated chemical reaction and is of practical importance for a systematic study of catalytic processes. It was found that the course of the hydrogenation of unsaturated acids under influence of Cu- and Cd-soaps can ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.