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Bio 347
Bio 347

AUTOIMMUNITY
AUTOIMMUNITY

... These cells also up-regulate the Fas molecules on their surface. An interaction of these B cells with Fasligand-bearing cells results in their death via apoptosis. ...
Peripheral tolerance in T cells
Peripheral tolerance in T cells

... immune response without damaging the host. Activation (immunity) ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... diffused lymphatic tissues found in mucous membranes in the intestine, respiratory, urinary and genital tracts. – The lymph nodes filter the lymph and remove foreign materials from lymph. – The spleen stores blood and destroys damaged RBC’s. – The thymus gland produces T-cells. ...
Immunopharmacology
Immunopharmacology

... Alkylating(烷化) agent  Cyclophosphamide ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Ig are essentially just bound antibodies What do Antibodies bind to? An antigen is defined as "anything that can be bound by an antibody". This can be an enormous range of substances from simple chemicals, sugars, small peptides to complex protein complexes such as viruses. In fact antibodies intera ...
Document
Document

... Escape mechanisms: Cerqueira-Rodrigues How Mycobacterium avium controls the thymic development of Tregs Vasco Rodrigues How Leishmania impairs TFh development and germinal centre responses Exploration of new tissues that contribute to the immune response: Luzia Teixeira Adipose Tissue New candidate ...
HERV encoded envelope proteins – key players in autoimmunity?
HERV encoded envelope proteins – key players in autoimmunity?

... joints and muscles of experimental animals. The character of the inflammation induced by the same superantigen (SEA) differed from organ to organ and showed similarities with the respective autoimmune diseases known for each of the investigated organs. Induction of inflammation by the superantigen d ...
Defense against disease, immune response
Defense against disease, immune response

... nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier - person lacking particular disease but host to transmittable causative agent. Host - organism or cell on or in which a specific ...
Recognition by innate immunity What is recognized by innate cells
Recognition by innate immunity What is recognized by innate cells

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 6. Antibodies are classified based on the type of light chain they possess. 7. Major histocompatibility complex molecules inherited from both parents are codominantly expressed. 8. Myasthenia gravis is a systemic autoimmune disease. 9. A vaccine contains antibodies that stimulate adaptive immunity t ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... genes ...
DISEASE NOTES
DISEASE NOTES

... than injury) that interferes with _____________________ _______________________, causing ________________, ____________________, or _______________ problems ...
Immunity
Immunity

... White blood cell engulfing bacteria (what shape are these bacteria?) ...
Module 0:  Foundations in Medicine  Don Smyth & Cindy Ellison
Module 0: Foundations in Medicine Don Smyth & Cindy Ellison

... Normal human microbiota Infectious principles and pathogenesis of infection Pathogens –viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites; include concept of resistance ...
Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12
Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12

... *Cytotoxic T cells- specialized in _______________________________ *________________- _______________ other cells to fight invaders * ______________________- stop the immune system -Macrophages arise from ______________________ Active immunity- your B cells __________________________________________ ...
the immune response - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
the immune response - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... • Helper T cells and memory B cells, made by the B cells, remain in the blood, ready to trigger another immune response if the body is infected with the same pathogen. ...
antigen, acute phase response 2014
antigen, acute phase response 2014

... defined immunoglobulin (BCR / antibody) or TCR ...
Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project

... insect’s defenses are small antimicrobial peptides that essentially latch onto the outer or inner membrane of a bacterium and degrade it. Answer the following questions: Scientists are looking into the possibilities of these antimicrobial peptides as potential antibiotics in humans. What are some of ...
A1984TB51600001
A1984TB51600001

... responses since it serves as a trap for immune complexes irrespective of their specificity. In retrospect, it is amusing to note that the original work, as so often happens in research, was not directed toward discovering Fcreceptors on B cells but had a completely different goal (i.e., memory). Int ...
Pathogens - hiscience
Pathogens - hiscience

... ingest pathogens and destroy them produce antibodies to destroy pathogens produce antitoxins that neutralise the toxins released by pathogens. In a written examination, it is easy to get carried away with metaphors about invaders and battles: stick to the point. Note that: the pathogens are not ...
Assessment of immune function.Management of patients with im
Assessment of immune function.Management of patients with im

... Cytotoxic (Killer) T-Cells • Respond to presence of antigens and lymphokines produced by T-4 cells • Seek out, bind to, and destroy: – Cells infected by viruses – Some tumor cells – Cells of tissue transplants ...
The Nature of Immunity
The Nature of Immunity

... When this receptor binds to an epitope on an antigen then that cell is activated (clonal selection) and undergoes rapid expansion in numbers Antigen may have several epitopes. Thus several B or T cells are activated result is a Polyclonal response. ...
6.3 Immune system notes
6.3 Immune system notes

... There are many different types of plasma cells, and each type can only produce ________________ of antibody. Primary Immune Response A specific _____________ is identified A specific _____________ is identified to produce an antibody against the pathogen The specific plasma cell begins ____________ ...
exam bullet points
exam bullet points

... B cells are activate by T helper cells. Different B cells are specific to different antigens. B cells divide rapidly to produce plasma cells. Plasma cells release antibody. Antibody binds to antigen on pathogen Some B cells become memory cells*. Cytotoxic T cells are activated by T helper cells and ...
< 1 ... 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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