Download Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12

Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12
Lymphatic system consists of 2 parts: _______________________________________________
Functions: transports __________________________________ and essential role in body’s
______________________________________________________
What is lymph? ___________________________________________________________________
Properties: ________________________ towards the heart
 No ___________
 Movement to heart uses ___________________________________
Materials returned to the blood: 1. _________________ 2. ____________________ 3. _____________
Harmful substances in lymph: ___________________________________________________________
Lymph nodes- ____________ lymph before it is returned to _________________
Defense cells in lymph nodes:
1. _____________________- engulf and _________________________________________
2. _____________________- provide immune response to antigens
Lymph nodes are ________________-shaped.
Outer part is called ____________________ while inner part is called ___________________
Four lymph organs: _______________________________________________________
1. Spleen- located on the ________________ side of abdomen
Filters ___________, destroys worn out ________________
Acts as a _____________________
2. Thymus- located _______________________
Functions at peak levels only during _________________
Produces ______________ to program _________________
3. Tonsils- lymphoid tissue around ____________
Trap and remove ______________________________________
Tonsillitis is caused by ________________________________
4. Peyer’s patch- found in ________________________________________
Capture and destroy ________________________________________
Mucosa –Associated Lymphatic Tissue (
)
Consists of: ______________________________________ to protect _________________________
Body has two types of response: (1)_________________ which protect against a ____________ of
invaders and responds ________________
(2)Specific response which is known as the __________________________
Surface Membrane Barriers- ________ line of defense
1. Skin – physical barrier to _________________
pH of skin is ___________ to ____________________________
sebum (
) is toxic and vaginal secretions are ___________________
2. Stomach mucosa- secretes ___________________ and has _____________________________
3. Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain ____________________
4. ________________ traps microorganisms in ________________ and __________________
Defense cells: phagocytes, which engulf and digest _________________material, and NK cells.
NK (
)cells lyse and kill __________________ can also destroy _____________________
________________________ is 2nd line of defense
-Triggered when body tissues are __________
-Four cardinal signs: 1. ____________ 2. ______________ 3. _____________
-Chain of events lead ______________________________________
4. _______
Interferon binds to healthy cells to ________________________________
Importance of a fever- abnormally high _____________________________
-high temperatures prevent bacteria from accessing _______________________________
-increases speed of _________________
- _______________________ regulates temperature, ________________ cause an fever
Specific Defense- ________________________- 3rd line of defense
1. _________________- recognizes and acts against a ____________________________
2. systemic- not _____________________________
3. has memory- recognizes and holds a _____________________ on previously ________________
Antigen- ______________________________________________________________________
Examples include: foreign proteins, pollen __________, micro____________, large ____________
Self-antigens- proteins that are on the surface of our ________ cells
We do not attack ourselves, why are transplants risky? _____________________________________
Lymphocytes: originate in ____________________
-B cells become immunocompetent in ________________________
*Most become _______________ that secrete _____________________ and last _____
* Some become __________________ and cause a _____________ response the 2nd time
-T cells become immunocompetent in ________________________
*Cytotoxic T cells- specialized in _______________________________
*________________- _______________ other cells to fight invaders
* ______________________- stop the immune system
-Macrophages arise from ______________________
Active immunity- your B cells _____________________________________________
- natural- ___________________
-artificially acquired- ______________________________
Passive- antibodies are __________________________________
-Natural- ____________________________
Immunological memory _______________________
Protection is “________________________”
Antibodies, __________________________, or Igs- soluble proteins secreted by _____________
 Five major immunoglobulin classes: _______________________
 IgM – can ___________________
IgD – important in activation _________
 IgA – found mainly in ___________
IgE – involved in _________________
 IgG – can cross _____________________, also the most abundant
Allergies: abnormal, ________________________________________
1. Immediate hypersensitivity
 Triggered by release of _____________________ within SECONDS
 ____________________________ – dangerous, systemic response
2. Delayed hypersensitivity- symptoms seen ___________________________
Immunodeficiency- ________________________________ of immune cells is ___________________
Autoimmune disease- the body produces ______________________________________________
1. Multiple sclerosis – ______________________________________________________
2. Juvenile diabetes – destroys __________________________ that produce ________________
3. Rheumatoid arthritis- destroys ________________
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)- _______________________________
5. Myasthenia gravis – impairs communication ________________________________________