Energy for Muscle Contractions
... can sustain for two to three minutes or longer, because exercising for prolonged periods requires a source of oxygen and its delivery to the muscles. Because aerobic exercise requires oxygen from the air to get to your muscles, the exercise can continue only when a source of oxygen is available. You ...
... can sustain for two to three minutes or longer, because exercising for prolonged periods requires a source of oxygen and its delivery to the muscles. Because aerobic exercise requires oxygen from the air to get to your muscles, the exercise can continue only when a source of oxygen is available. You ...
Bio_130_files/Chemistry Review
... – The shared electrons spend more time closer to the nucleus of electronegative atom. – The addition of the shared electrons makes the electronegative atom partially negative charged, while the atom with a lower electronegativity becomes partially positively charged – Polar bonds occur between an el ...
... – The shared electrons spend more time closer to the nucleus of electronegative atom. – The addition of the shared electrons makes the electronegative atom partially negative charged, while the atom with a lower electronegativity becomes partially positively charged – Polar bonds occur between an el ...
Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes
... The End Results The two sets of photosynthetic reactions work together—the lightdependent reactions trap the energy of sunlight in chemical form, and the light-independent reactions use that chemical energy to produce stable, high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water. In the process, animals, ...
... The End Results The two sets of photosynthetic reactions work together—the lightdependent reactions trap the energy of sunlight in chemical form, and the light-independent reactions use that chemical energy to produce stable, high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water. In the process, animals, ...
Ques#on of the Day: How do you acquire energy?
... STEP 2: Krebs Cycle: Acetyl CoA > CO2, H+, and ATP; 2 turns produce 6 NADH, 2, FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2. STEP 3: ETC: 10 NADH & 2 FADH2 > 34 ATP ...
... STEP 2: Krebs Cycle: Acetyl CoA > CO2, H+, and ATP; 2 turns produce 6 NADH, 2, FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2. STEP 3: ETC: 10 NADH & 2 FADH2 > 34 ATP ...
Practice Exam 3
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
Practice Exam 3 Answers
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
Notes - Organic Molecules of Life
... Used by living things as a sugar storage or for structures Examples of Polysaccharides _____________ – plant starch (sugar storage in seeds, roots, stems), ________________ – animal starch (sugar storage by humans in the liver), _________________ - Very tough polymer - main component of cell walls ...
... Used by living things as a sugar storage or for structures Examples of Polysaccharides _____________ – plant starch (sugar storage in seeds, roots, stems), ________________ – animal starch (sugar storage by humans in the liver), _________________ - Very tough polymer - main component of cell walls ...
05 Cell Respiration Fermentation Anaerobic and
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
energy
... 8. Understand enzymes and all the properties presented in class. What is the function of enzymes in the cell? 9. Define oxidation, reduction, half reactions, redox couples, electron donor, electron acceptor. 10. Describe how cells derive energy from an energy source. What are the roles of the primar ...
... 8. Understand enzymes and all the properties presented in class. What is the function of enzymes in the cell? 9. Define oxidation, reduction, half reactions, redox couples, electron donor, electron acceptor. 10. Describe how cells derive energy from an energy source. What are the roles of the primar ...
Life Science Name: Date: ______ Per: ______ Chemical Reactions
... Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Standard: 1.b.Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. Chemical Reactions (use pages 50-53 ...
... Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Standard: 1.b.Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. Chemical Reactions (use pages 50-53 ...
Ch 9 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP ...
Ch. 2-4 Review
... c. Side chains (R-groups) of amino acids can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. d. Proteins made of two or more polypeptide chains have quaternary structure. e. All statements are true. 2. Which statement regarding enzyme function is true? a. Higher temperatures allow greater contact between enzymes and ...
... c. Side chains (R-groups) of amino acids can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. d. Proteins made of two or more polypeptide chains have quaternary structure. e. All statements are true. 2. Which statement regarding enzyme function is true? a. Higher temperatures allow greater contact between enzymes and ...
Fall 08 – BIOL 1000 – 1st lecture test – 9:00 1. Glycogen is an
... 7. If sucrose (a disaccharide) is broken down into glucose and galactose (monosaccharides), and water is required. This process is an example of: A. hydrolysis B. polar bonding C. hydrogen bonding D. dehydration synthesis 8. Collagen is a protein. The monomers that make up collagen are: A. amino ac ...
... 7. If sucrose (a disaccharide) is broken down into glucose and galactose (monosaccharides), and water is required. This process is an example of: A. hydrolysis B. polar bonding C. hydrogen bonding D. dehydration synthesis 8. Collagen is a protein. The monomers that make up collagen are: A. amino ac ...
5-2 Necleotide Metabolism (pyrimidine) - Home
... •ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP •carbamoyl phosphate is an “activated” compound, so no energy input is needed at this step ...
... •ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP •carbamoyl phosphate is an “activated” compound, so no energy input is needed at this step ...
II. Writing a Chemical Equation
... • The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the active site. ...
... • The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the active site. ...
Biology 11, Fall 2002
... 1. The proper order of objects, from simple to complex, is a. atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community. b. cell, molecule, atom, tissue, organ, organism, population, community. c. molecule, cell, organ, atom, tissue, organism, population, community. d. atom, molecule, cel ...
... 1. The proper order of objects, from simple to complex, is a. atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community. b. cell, molecule, atom, tissue, organ, organism, population, community. c. molecule, cell, organ, atom, tissue, organism, population, community. d. atom, molecule, cel ...
Non-competitive
... of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain cleaved before it becomes active. An example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme - it is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity. It becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed from the N-terminal ...
... of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain cleaved before it becomes active. An example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme - it is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity. It becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed from the N-terminal ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
The Chemistry of Life
... down compounds by the addition of H2O • 2- Dehydration synthesis reaction: A reaction in which two compounds are brought together with H2O released as a product. • 3- Endergonic Reaction: A reaction that requires input of energy to occur A + B + energy C ...
... down compounds by the addition of H2O • 2- Dehydration synthesis reaction: A reaction in which two compounds are brought together with H2O released as a product. • 3- Endergonic Reaction: A reaction that requires input of energy to occur A + B + energy C ...
Lecture #7
... Two types of metabolic reactions: anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are those that link simple molecules together to make complex ones. These are energy-storing reactions (endergonic). Catabolic reactions are those that break down complex molecules into simpler ones. Some of ...
... Two types of metabolic reactions: anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are those that link simple molecules together to make complex ones. These are energy-storing reactions (endergonic). Catabolic reactions are those that break down complex molecules into simpler ones. Some of ...
Slide 1
... • B12 X-ray structure in 1961 by Dorothy Hodgkin - at the time it was the most complicated structure ever elucidated by X-ray diffraction and she won a Nobel prize • Cobalamin is needed in the maturation of red blood cells and is used in carbohydrate metabolism and DNA synthesis • Only found in anim ...
... • B12 X-ray structure in 1961 by Dorothy Hodgkin - at the time it was the most complicated structure ever elucidated by X-ray diffraction and she won a Nobel prize • Cobalamin is needed in the maturation of red blood cells and is used in carbohydrate metabolism and DNA synthesis • Only found in anim ...
ATP - TeacherWeb
... ATP is known as the cell’s “money” Cells must have plenty of ATP “money” to spend whenever the cell needs to work Without a constant supply of ATP, the cell will die Cells use to ATP for many things ...
... ATP is known as the cell’s “money” Cells must have plenty of ATP “money” to spend whenever the cell needs to work Without a constant supply of ATP, the cell will die Cells use to ATP for many things ...
Cell Respiration RG
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
Enzyme Shape
... The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different type ...
... The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different type ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.