Ch 25 Powerpoint
... leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP ...
... leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP ...
Document
... The substrate for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle is acetyl-CoA. The traditional way to think about the cycle is in terms of its intermediates and products, and the chemistry involved in each step. In the first reaction acetyl-CoA is condensed with a fourcarbon ...
... The substrate for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle is acetyl-CoA. The traditional way to think about the cycle is in terms of its intermediates and products, and the chemistry involved in each step. In the first reaction acetyl-CoA is condensed with a fourcarbon ...
Slide 1
... mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the redox reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle provide energy for the synthesis of ATP ...
... mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the redox reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle provide energy for the synthesis of ATP ...
key
... 103) Compare the elements Li, K, C, N a) Which has the largest atomic radius? K b) Place the elements in order of increasing ionization energy. K < Li < C < N 109) Which group of the periodic table has elements with high first ionization potentials and very negative electron affinities? Explain this ...
... 103) Compare the elements Li, K, C, N a) Which has the largest atomic radius? K b) Place the elements in order of increasing ionization energy. K < Li < C < N 109) Which group of the periodic table has elements with high first ionization potentials and very negative electron affinities? Explain this ...
Respiration and Photosynthesis Class Work Where does the energy
... to perform aerobic cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. ...
... to perform aerobic cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
Chapter 6, Section 3
... 4. Other Protein Examples a. An enzyme is a protein acting as a biological catalyst. b. Catalyst – special proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. - Lowering the activation energy allows cells to do work more efficiently, because it ...
... 4. Other Protein Examples a. An enzyme is a protein acting as a biological catalyst. b. Catalyst – special proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. - Lowering the activation energy allows cells to do work more efficiently, because it ...
O 2
... Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell that produces it only short term energy storage carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! ...
... Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell that produces it only short term energy storage carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! ...
Biochemistry II, Test One
... B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group transfer, always donating a Pi to form a covalent intermediate. C. ATP can be regenerated by coupling with a reaction that releases more free energy than does ATP hydrolysis. D. A transmembrane proton-motive force can ...
... B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group transfer, always donating a Pi to form a covalent intermediate. C. ATP can be regenerated by coupling with a reaction that releases more free energy than does ATP hydrolysis. D. A transmembrane proton-motive force can ...
PowerPoint
... – Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules • Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be used to make more ATP in the ...
... – Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules • Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be used to make more ATP in the ...
L11_lipogenesis
... • Activates acetyl-CoA and ‘primes’ it for lipogenesis • Unusual in that it ‘fixes’ carbon dioxide – In the form of bicarbonate – A carboxylation reaction ...
... • Activates acetyl-CoA and ‘primes’ it for lipogenesis • Unusual in that it ‘fixes’ carbon dioxide – In the form of bicarbonate – A carboxylation reaction ...
Photosynthesis
... – Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules • Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be used to make more ATP in the ...
... – Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules • Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be used to make more ATP in the ...
Redox Reactions Test Review
... 2. What is the common oxidation number for oxygen? What is the oxidation number for oxygen in H2O2 (the exception)? ...
... 2. What is the common oxidation number for oxygen? What is the oxidation number for oxygen in H2O2 (the exception)? ...
9. AH Cell Enzymes - charlestonbiology
... Molecular interactions in cells Many Metabolic pathways (biochemical pathways) Complex often series of enzyme controlled reactions Energy transformed Molecules degraded and synthesised ...
... Molecular interactions in cells Many Metabolic pathways (biochemical pathways) Complex often series of enzyme controlled reactions Energy transformed Molecules degraded and synthesised ...
Option B IB Chemistry Definitions HL
... Due to set pairs (AT and CG), the new strands will be identical to the original one. ...
... Due to set pairs (AT and CG), the new strands will be identical to the original one. ...
Enzymes
... Denature • shape of the protein is altered through some form of external stress • will no longer be able to carry out its cellular function ...
... Denature • shape of the protein is altered through some form of external stress • will no longer be able to carry out its cellular function ...
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP)
... Why does it require 2 turns of the Krebs Cycle to completely oxidize 1 glucose molecule? (Hint: Think back to glycolysis) ATP NADH FADH2. CO2. ...
... Why does it require 2 turns of the Krebs Cycle to completely oxidize 1 glucose molecule? (Hint: Think back to glycolysis) ATP NADH FADH2. CO2. ...
Cellular Respiration Part 3
... Chemically Grooming Pyruvate • 3 steps to Krebs Cycle ▫ Carbon atom is removed (3C to 2C) and released as CO2 ▫ 2C compound is oxidized while NAD+ is reduced to NADH ▫ Coenzyme A joins with 2C to form acetyl co-A ...
... Chemically Grooming Pyruvate • 3 steps to Krebs Cycle ▫ Carbon atom is removed (3C to 2C) and released as CO2 ▫ 2C compound is oxidized while NAD+ is reduced to NADH ▫ Coenzyme A joins with 2C to form acetyl co-A ...
simple basic metabolism
... down to simpler ones with an accompanying release of energy. Anabolic reactions utilize energy available in the cell to build large molecules from simple ones. Using the tuna fish sandwich for our example, we can think of the catabolic processes in metabolism as consisting of three stages, as indica ...
... down to simpler ones with an accompanying release of energy. Anabolic reactions utilize energy available in the cell to build large molecules from simple ones. Using the tuna fish sandwich for our example, we can think of the catabolic processes in metabolism as consisting of three stages, as indica ...
2/1/12 Metabolism
... transfer and use it to synthesize ATP – Many oxidation–reduction enzymes are involved in electron transport (e.g., NADH dehydrogenases, flavoproteins, iron–sulfur proteins, cytochromes) ...
... transfer and use it to synthesize ATP – Many oxidation–reduction enzymes are involved in electron transport (e.g., NADH dehydrogenases, flavoproteins, iron–sulfur proteins, cytochromes) ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy is cellular respiration. It is a series of chemical reactions that produces ATP. Most cellular processes use ATP for energy. ...
... Cellular Respiration The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy is cellular respiration. It is a series of chemical reactions that produces ATP. Most cellular processes use ATP for energy. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.