St Peter the Apostle High School BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
... C creatine phosphate + ATP ADP + phosphate + creatine D ATP + phosphate creatine phosphate + ADP 5. Which line in the following table describes correctly fast-twitch muscle fibres? ...
... C creatine phosphate + ATP ADP + phosphate + creatine D ATP + phosphate creatine phosphate + ADP 5. Which line in the following table describes correctly fast-twitch muscle fibres? ...
Ecological speciation model
... Heterofermentative organisms use a pathway with a greater number of redox reactions than Streptococcus. Make very oxidized and very reduced compounds. More NAD(P)H to be reoxidized constrains ATP synthesis, high energy intermediate used as an electron acceptor. Vitamins: essential portions of cofact ...
... Heterofermentative organisms use a pathway with a greater number of redox reactions than Streptococcus. Make very oxidized and very reduced compounds. More NAD(P)H to be reoxidized constrains ATP synthesis, high energy intermediate used as an electron acceptor. Vitamins: essential portions of cofact ...
ATP - hdueck
... Again, the reaction is elegant but far from simple! When animals and plants consume energy molecules like starch and glucose, many reactions occur. Glycolysis (anaerobic) Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic) Electron Transport Chain ...
... Again, the reaction is elegant but far from simple! When animals and plants consume energy molecules like starch and glucose, many reactions occur. Glycolysis (anaerobic) Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic) Electron Transport Chain ...
1. The molecule that is most directly used to power different cell
... ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The tri in the name tells you that it has a 3 phosphate group tail. The triphosphate tail is an important part of the molecule because it store energy in this high energy bond. ...
... ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The tri in the name tells you that it has a 3 phosphate group tail. The triphosphate tail is an important part of the molecule because it store energy in this high energy bond. ...
The Michaelis-Menten equation
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
Chapter 2 Notes
... example: water (H2O) 3. chemical properties = describe how one substance changes when it reacts with other substances; example: iron changes to rust when it reacts to water and oxygen ***may indicate a chemical reaction: a. color change b. gas produced c. temperature change 4. Ions- electrically cha ...
... example: water (H2O) 3. chemical properties = describe how one substance changes when it reacts with other substances; example: iron changes to rust when it reacts to water and oxygen ***may indicate a chemical reaction: a. color change b. gas produced c. temperature change 4. Ions- electrically cha ...
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan
... Draw diagram (glucose pyruvate; with oxygen, pyruvate citric acid cycle electron transport chain; without oxygen, pyruvate fermentation) Identical reactants in both fermentation reactions Regeneration of NAD+ by means other than electron transport chain Inefficient compared to aerobic respir ...
... Draw diagram (glucose pyruvate; with oxygen, pyruvate citric acid cycle electron transport chain; without oxygen, pyruvate fermentation) Identical reactants in both fermentation reactions Regeneration of NAD+ by means other than electron transport chain Inefficient compared to aerobic respir ...
Nobel Prizes 1907 Eduard Buchner, cell
... Chapter19 PPlation:e carriers:FMN:1;FAD:2;Fe-S(>8):I,II,III;heme:III(cytb,c1),IV(cyta,a3);Reduced cyt 3 bands; Ubiquinone (or coenzyme Q):only e carrier not bound to a protein, diffuse freely in the lipid bilayer,QQH2(ubiquinol);NADH DH(2e4H)flavoproteincyt bc1(2e4H)cyt C oxidase(3Cu2hemeA,O2 re ...
... Chapter19 PPlation:e carriers:FMN:1;FAD:2;Fe-S(>8):I,II,III;heme:III(cytb,c1),IV(cyta,a3);Reduced cyt 3 bands; Ubiquinone (or coenzyme Q):only e carrier not bound to a protein, diffuse freely in the lipid bilayer,QQH2(ubiquinol);NADH DH(2e4H)flavoproteincyt bc1(2e4H)cyt C oxidase(3Cu2hemeA,O2 re ...
chemistry of living things
... that still retains the physical and chemical properties of said element An atom consists of three subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons ...
... that still retains the physical and chemical properties of said element An atom consists of three subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons ...
Human Metabolism Compared to Other Species
... For example, there is life deep down on the ocean floor. ...
... For example, there is life deep down on the ocean floor. ...
Sample Exam 2
... c. an electron, water d. a proton, water e. an electron, oxygen 39. The activity of the enzyme ATP synthase uses the energy stored in _________ to create a molecule of ATP. a. a sodium ion gradient b. a potassium ion gradient c. a proton gradient d. an oxygen gradient e. an osmotic gradient 40. Whic ...
... c. an electron, water d. a proton, water e. an electron, oxygen 39. The activity of the enzyme ATP synthase uses the energy stored in _________ to create a molecule of ATP. a. a sodium ion gradient b. a potassium ion gradient c. a proton gradient d. an oxygen gradient e. an osmotic gradient 40. Whic ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
Biology First Semester Study Questions
... 11. DNA, RNA 12. DNA= heredity codes; RNA= protein synthesis 13. both 14. animal structures, enzymes, stores nutrients, defend against disease 15. both 16. speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 17. Denaturation means an enzyme changes shape, making it useless. Two causes are heat ...
... 11. DNA, RNA 12. DNA= heredity codes; RNA= protein synthesis 13. both 14. animal structures, enzymes, stores nutrients, defend against disease 15. both 16. speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 17. Denaturation means an enzyme changes shape, making it useless. Two causes are heat ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of four ATPs-net profit is 2ATPs per glucose. ...
... Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of four ATPs-net profit is 2ATPs per glucose. ...
5. Nucleotides are covalently linked to form nucleic acids by the
... catalysts; bioenergetics; enzyme kinetics; cellular physiology; deoxythymine triphosphate; activated carriers; deoxyribothymine triphosphate; chaperones; cofactors; deoxythymidine triphosphate; positive; negative; zero; cellular respiration; photosynthesis; reduction 16. In biology, questions about ...
... catalysts; bioenergetics; enzyme kinetics; cellular physiology; deoxythymine triphosphate; activated carriers; deoxyribothymine triphosphate; chaperones; cofactors; deoxythymidine triphosphate; positive; negative; zero; cellular respiration; photosynthesis; reduction 16. In biology, questions about ...
K - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... To keep [glucose] levels low, so glucose moves down its gradient into cell. Also phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell What is the Mg2+ ion for? Mg2+ forms an electrostatically stable complex with negative ATP What good is a “Pac-Man” enzyme? Induced fit when both substrates bind, also exclud ...
... To keep [glucose] levels low, so glucose moves down its gradient into cell. Also phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell What is the Mg2+ ion for? Mg2+ forms an electrostatically stable complex with negative ATP What good is a “Pac-Man” enzyme? Induced fit when both substrates bind, also exclud ...
pptx
... To keep [glucose] levels low, so glucose moves down its gradient into cell. Also phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell What is the Mg2+ ion for? Mg2+ forms an electrostatically stable complex with negative ATP What good is a “Pac-Man” enzyme? Induced fit when both substrates bind, also exclud ...
... To keep [glucose] levels low, so glucose moves down its gradient into cell. Also phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell What is the Mg2+ ion for? Mg2+ forms an electrostatically stable complex with negative ATP What good is a “Pac-Man” enzyme? Induced fit when both substrates bind, also exclud ...
9강 - KOCW
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
ch04_sec3_as - LCMR School District
... Bellringer In an atom, an energy level is an area around the nucleus where electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diag ...
... Bellringer In an atom, an energy level is an area around the nucleus where electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diag ...
Section 3: Modern Atomic Theory Atoms Section 3
... Bellringer In an atom, an energy level is an area around the nucleus where electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diag ...
... Bellringer In an atom, an energy level is an area around the nucleus where electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diag ...
VEN124 Section III
... Characteristics of Saccharomyces: Sub-Cellular Organization • Plant-like cell wall: comprised of carbohydrate (glucan, mannan) and glycosylated protein (phosphomannoprotein) • Mitochondria: site of oxidative reactions • Vacuoles: site of storage and hydrolysis • Secretory pathway • Nucleus ...
... Characteristics of Saccharomyces: Sub-Cellular Organization • Plant-like cell wall: comprised of carbohydrate (glucan, mannan) and glycosylated protein (phosphomannoprotein) • Mitochondria: site of oxidative reactions • Vacuoles: site of storage and hydrolysis • Secretory pathway • Nucleus ...
7 - Anaerobic Respiration
... • The Lactic Acid system is essentially the process of glycolysis. • Occurs in the cell cytoplasm, • Glucose is split into 2 x pyruvate molecules • 2x ATP molecules are produced • In aerobic respiration the pyruvate is then converted into Acetyl Co A by pyruvate dehydrogenase, and this enters Krebs ...
... • The Lactic Acid system is essentially the process of glycolysis. • Occurs in the cell cytoplasm, • Glucose is split into 2 x pyruvate molecules • 2x ATP molecules are produced • In aerobic respiration the pyruvate is then converted into Acetyl Co A by pyruvate dehydrogenase, and this enters Krebs ...
Document
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
Ch 25 Powerpoint
... leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP ...
... leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.