Aerobic Respiration
... • What are the sources of electrons used to generate the 32 ATP in the final stage? – 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH – 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
... • What are the sources of electrons used to generate the 32 ATP in the final stage? – 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH – 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... 2. Three-carbon molecules formed: ATP and NADPH use enzymes in the stroma to split the six carbon into 3 carbon sugars. 3. Three-carbon molecules exit: Most 3 carbon stay in cycle. When 2 leave, they form glucose. 4. Three-carbon molecules recycled: Energy from ATP Change 3carbon molecules back into ...
... 2. Three-carbon molecules formed: ATP and NADPH use enzymes in the stroma to split the six carbon into 3 carbon sugars. 3. Three-carbon molecules exit: Most 3 carbon stay in cycle. When 2 leave, they form glucose. 4. Three-carbon molecules recycled: Energy from ATP Change 3carbon molecules back into ...
Lecture 19 - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... to provide adequate coordination of the metal and to place the catalytic bases on opposite sides of the substrate. There is no strict structural requirement that the metal ligands lie on the third, fourth, and fifth strands. ...
... to provide adequate coordination of the metal and to place the catalytic bases on opposite sides of the substrate. There is no strict structural requirement that the metal ligands lie on the third, fourth, and fifth strands. ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
Cell_Biology
... 12. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell B) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it C) an agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A D) an agent that reacts ...
... 12. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell B) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it C) an agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A D) an agent that reacts ...
Reactive polymer membrane for water disinfection and - ICTP-CSIC
... The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has developed a polymer membrane for water treatment that acts as antimicrobial disinfectant, while allows removal of chemical contaminants typically present in industrial water. The hydrodynamic resistance of this membrane allows treating high water flux ...
... The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has developed a polymer membrane for water treatment that acts as antimicrobial disinfectant, while allows removal of chemical contaminants typically present in industrial water. The hydrodynamic resistance of this membrane allows treating high water flux ...
Cellular Respiration Concept Questions
... 1. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes. 2. How are mitochondria adapted to carry out cellular respiration? 3. Cells that are more active have a higher number of mitochondria. Why would this be? 4. Cellular respiration uses glucose, a high energy molecule and pr ...
... 1. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes. 2. How are mitochondria adapted to carry out cellular respiration? 3. Cells that are more active have a higher number of mitochondria. Why would this be? 4. Cellular respiration uses glucose, a high energy molecule and pr ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... Summary of ATP Production – Complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule – Totals between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation equal 32 ATPs • Glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain ...
... Summary of ATP Production – Complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule – Totals between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation equal 32 ATPs • Glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... processes is obtained from food molecules. It occurs in both the cytoplasm and specialized structures of a cell—the mitochondria—instead of in a specialized tissue or organ of the body. It occurs in the same way in almost all cells. ...
... processes is obtained from food molecules. It occurs in both the cytoplasm and specialized structures of a cell—the mitochondria—instead of in a specialized tissue or organ of the body. It occurs in the same way in almost all cells. ...
ch24a_wcr
... 2 The electrons are transferred from one complex to another in the membrane. Each complex is reduced and then oxidized, releasing energy that is used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the intermembrane space. Coenzyme Q (ubiquino ...
... 2 The electrons are transferred from one complex to another in the membrane. Each complex is reduced and then oxidized, releasing energy that is used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the intermembrane space. Coenzyme Q (ubiquino ...
Marvelous Metabolism
... cellular work Adenosine triphosphate (adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate) 1. Bonds between phosphate groups can be broken by hydrolysis. This releases energy DG = -7.3 kcal/mol ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi ...
... cellular work Adenosine triphosphate (adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate) 1. Bonds between phosphate groups can be broken by hydrolysis. This releases energy DG = -7.3 kcal/mol ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi ...
Unit 3 - Energy Systems and Muscle Fibres
... •Is important as it provides the highest rate of ATP synthesis that cannot be matched by other, more complex energy systems •Recovery Period of PC 2-5 min – requires ATP to resynthesize PC ...
... •Is important as it provides the highest rate of ATP synthesis that cannot be matched by other, more complex energy systems •Recovery Period of PC 2-5 min – requires ATP to resynthesize PC ...
Enzyme and metabolic pathway lecture 2
... when your cells are translating and do not have a particular amino acid that they need to continue. If they have the correct radical available, they will make the one they need. There are some amino acids, however, that are essential and these cannot be made. They have to be in the diet. 70. Transam ...
... when your cells are translating and do not have a particular amino acid that they need to continue. If they have the correct radical available, they will make the one they need. There are some amino acids, however, that are essential and these cannot be made. They have to be in the diet. 70. Transam ...
Metabolism - Websupport1
... STEP3: Coenzyme Q accepts hydrogen atoms from FMNH2 and FADH2 and passes electrons to cytochrome b. STEP4: Electrons are passed along the electron transport system, losing energy in a series of small steps. The sequence is cytochrome b to c to a to a3. STEP5: At the end of the ETS, an oxygen atom ac ...
... STEP3: Coenzyme Q accepts hydrogen atoms from FMNH2 and FADH2 and passes electrons to cytochrome b. STEP4: Electrons are passed along the electron transport system, losing energy in a series of small steps. The sequence is cytochrome b to c to a to a3. STEP5: At the end of the ETS, an oxygen atom ac ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very high. 28. Cells utilize high energy biomolecules because a. they are easily made and store e ...
... c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very high. 28. Cells utilize high energy biomolecules because a. they are easily made and store e ...
Cell Energy Part 3 – Respiration
... 4 e- are removed from glucose and transferred to 2 NAD+ which become 2 NADH NAD+ must be present to accept e- from glucose, otherwise glycolysis cannot take place Small overall energy yield (2 ATP), but extremely fast process After a few seconds, all of a cell’s available NAD+ is used up ...
... 4 e- are removed from glucose and transferred to 2 NAD+ which become 2 NADH NAD+ must be present to accept e- from glucose, otherwise glycolysis cannot take place Small overall energy yield (2 ATP), but extremely fast process After a few seconds, all of a cell’s available NAD+ is used up ...
Document
... (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). – Others “denitrify” nitrite or nitrate (NO3-) to N2, returning N2 gas to the atmosphere. – A diverse group of prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, ...
... (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). – Others “denitrify” nitrite or nitrate (NO3-) to N2, returning N2 gas to the atmosphere. – A diverse group of prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
... PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
A. biotin
... In diabetic ketosis one would expect to observe all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A. B. C. D. E. ...
... In diabetic ketosis one would expect to observe all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A. B. C. D. E. ...
Case Study Template 1
... The translocation of proteins across membranes is a fundamental and essential process, achieved in every living cell by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. In bacteria, SecYEG and SecA associate to translocate proteins across the inner membrane post-translationally, powered by ATP and stimulated by the ...
... The translocation of proteins across membranes is a fundamental and essential process, achieved in every living cell by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. In bacteria, SecYEG and SecA associate to translocate proteins across the inner membrane post-translationally, powered by ATP and stimulated by the ...
Final Exam from S06
... T F The redox reactions that occur in the electron transport chains are endothermic reactions. T F Glycolysis is thought to be the most ancient pathway for the catabolism of glucose because it does not require O2. Which statement(s) are false about control of protein function by phosphorylation T F ...
... T F The redox reactions that occur in the electron transport chains are endothermic reactions. T F Glycolysis is thought to be the most ancient pathway for the catabolism of glucose because it does not require O2. Which statement(s) are false about control of protein function by phosphorylation T F ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.