Exam 3 Review
... • Given the structure of each intermediate in the pathway, explain what is happening chemically in each step, the type of reaction(s), and the type of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 11. Explain the three different pathways that pyruvate can take, depending on the needs of the cell. Know re ...
... • Given the structure of each intermediate in the pathway, explain what is happening chemically in each step, the type of reaction(s), and the type of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 11. Explain the three different pathways that pyruvate can take, depending on the needs of the cell. Know re ...
Lecture 3
... • Glycogen can be synthesized from 3-C precursors – Lactate, amino acids, glycerol – Indirect glycogen synthesis – Allows for lactate production during exercise and reconversion following – Important in keeping liver glycogen and thus, blood glucose steady ...
... • Glycogen can be synthesized from 3-C precursors – Lactate, amino acids, glycerol – Indirect glycogen synthesis – Allows for lactate production during exercise and reconversion following – Important in keeping liver glycogen and thus, blood glucose steady ...
Murine model of obesity-induced type II diabetes by
... altered in the skeletal muscle and the brain in the transgenic mice. Further PPP1R3G overexpression reduces hepatic triglyceride in the fed state (15). 2. Function of GADD34 in metabolism. PPP1R15A has been extensively studied as GADD34. Because GADD34 has multiple substrate-targeting domains (19), ...
... altered in the skeletal muscle and the brain in the transgenic mice. Further PPP1R3G overexpression reduces hepatic triglyceride in the fed state (15). 2. Function of GADD34 in metabolism. PPP1R15A has been extensively studied as GADD34. Because GADD34 has multiple substrate-targeting domains (19), ...
LESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK Metabolism: Glucose is the
... building blocks for cellular structures or they can be used to make the ATP that cells use for energy. Macronutrients are metabolized in the liver ...
... building blocks for cellular structures or they can be used to make the ATP that cells use for energy. Macronutrients are metabolized in the liver ...
Document
... permits regeneration of NAD+. Body can then make more ATP - at a cost. Creates an oxygen debt. Body must take in extra O2 to oxidize lactate. ...
... permits regeneration of NAD+. Body can then make more ATP - at a cost. Creates an oxygen debt. Body must take in extra O2 to oxidize lactate. ...
Lecture 4 - IISER Pune
... Mirror-image forms of these molecules actually present in unequal amounts before life began, lead to some sort of preference as life evolved? ...
... Mirror-image forms of these molecules actually present in unequal amounts before life began, lead to some sort of preference as life evolved? ...
Summary of fatty acid synthesis
... either even or odd-numbered fatty acids labeled with ω-phenyl groups. Odd-numbered chains always yielded Benzoate in the dog’s urine, while evennumbered chains always yielded ...
... either even or odd-numbered fatty acids labeled with ω-phenyl groups. Odd-numbered chains always yielded Benzoate in the dog’s urine, while evennumbered chains always yielded ...
www.salmate.com
... that cell is stimulated by its external environment. The balance of DGLA to arachidonic acid is controlled by the activity of a single enzyme - delta 5 desaturase. The more active the delta 5 desaturase enzyme, the greater the potential for manufacturing more arachidonic acid. The less active the en ...
... that cell is stimulated by its external environment. The balance of DGLA to arachidonic acid is controlled by the activity of a single enzyme - delta 5 desaturase. The more active the delta 5 desaturase enzyme, the greater the potential for manufacturing more arachidonic acid. The less active the en ...
Mrs C`s Chem Lecture
... “cross-linking” helps stabilize protein structure. Cysteine Cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid. ...
... “cross-linking” helps stabilize protein structure. Cysteine Cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid. ...
protein lesson
... I know the structure of protein. I can understand the different functions of protein in the diet. I know the difference between high biological value proteins and low biological value proteins and can list food examples of each. I understand two lows make a high. ...
... I know the structure of protein. I can understand the different functions of protein in the diet. I know the difference between high biological value proteins and low biological value proteins and can list food examples of each. I understand two lows make a high. ...
Topic 4: BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ORGANIC MOLECULES
... (3) salt precipitation- proteins stay in solution because charged groups on the surface interact with water. If you add large amounts of salt to a protein solution the salt competes with the protein for binding with water and the protein may go out of ...
... (3) salt precipitation- proteins stay in solution because charged groups on the surface interact with water. If you add large amounts of salt to a protein solution the salt competes with the protein for binding with water and the protein may go out of ...
Glycolysis - medscistudents
... The official spokesman of carbohydrate metabolism, ‘glucose’ speaks: “I burn myself to provide fuel to life! Generated through gluconeogenesis by my friends; Engaged in the synthesis of lipids, amino acids; Deranged in my duties due to diabetes mellitus.” Glycolysis: Degradation of glucose to pyruva ...
... The official spokesman of carbohydrate metabolism, ‘glucose’ speaks: “I burn myself to provide fuel to life! Generated through gluconeogenesis by my friends; Engaged in the synthesis of lipids, amino acids; Deranged in my duties due to diabetes mellitus.” Glycolysis: Degradation of glucose to pyruva ...
Human Metabolism: Macronutrients Instructors: Rosalind Coleman
... Prerequisites: NUTR 400 (or CHEM/BIOL 430) OR for PhD students, a biochemistry course; CHEM 261 (organic chemistry) & BIOL 252 (anatomy/physiology) or equivalents. Course Description: My objective is to enable UNC students to understand the relationships between macronutrient biochemistry and metabo ...
... Prerequisites: NUTR 400 (or CHEM/BIOL 430) OR for PhD students, a biochemistry course; CHEM 261 (organic chemistry) & BIOL 252 (anatomy/physiology) or equivalents. Course Description: My objective is to enable UNC students to understand the relationships between macronutrient biochemistry and metabo ...
Glycogen Storage Disease
... by impaired conversion of glycogen to free glucose resulting in the accumulation of normal and abnormal glycogen in tissues. • Disruption of glycogen metabolism also affects other biochemical pathways as the body seeks alternative fuel sources. • Accumulation of abnormal metabolic by-products can da ...
... by impaired conversion of glycogen to free glucose resulting in the accumulation of normal and abnormal glycogen in tissues. • Disruption of glycogen metabolism also affects other biochemical pathways as the body seeks alternative fuel sources. • Accumulation of abnormal metabolic by-products can da ...
Exercise and Respiration Paloma
... produces ATP for short periods of time (2 minutes), lactate is produced and H+ ions accumulate preventing the exercise ...
... produces ATP for short periods of time (2 minutes), lactate is produced and H+ ions accumulate preventing the exercise ...
Metabolic System and Exercise
... Maintain normal citrate levels more efficiently ↑ sensitivity of adipose to epinephrine (↑ lipolysis) ...
... Maintain normal citrate levels more efficiently ↑ sensitivity of adipose to epinephrine (↑ lipolysis) ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. The concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable (starvation) or improperly utilized (diabetes). Oxaloacetate is normally formed from pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase (anaplerot ...
... The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. The concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable (starvation) or improperly utilized (diabetes). Oxaloacetate is normally formed from pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase (anaplerot ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - chem.uwec.edu
... Use of fatty acids in the citric acid cycle requires carbohydrates for the the production of oxaloacetate. During starvation or diabetes, OAA is used to make glucose Fatty acids are then used to make ketone bodies (acetoacetate and D–3–hydroxybutarate) ...
... Use of fatty acids in the citric acid cycle requires carbohydrates for the the production of oxaloacetate. During starvation or diabetes, OAA is used to make glucose Fatty acids are then used to make ketone bodies (acetoacetate and D–3–hydroxybutarate) ...
Chapter 3
... • These bond types are the ones most often broken by organisms to obtain energy. • The long chains are called polysaccharides. ...
... • These bond types are the ones most often broken by organisms to obtain energy. • The long chains are called polysaccharides. ...
Concept 1 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... 1. If the following molecules were to undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, what molecules would result? Circle the parts of each amino acid that will interact and draw the resulting molecule. ...
... 1. If the following molecules were to undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, what molecules would result? Circle the parts of each amino acid that will interact and draw the resulting molecule. ...
Slide 1
... © 2014, Elsevier Inc., Willis, et.al., Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease ...
... © 2014, Elsevier Inc., Willis, et.al., Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease ...
CHAPTER 6
... Regulated in Cells? • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor – Metabolic inputs to this sensor determine whether its output (protein kinase activity) takes place – When ATP is high, AMPK is inactive – When ATP is low, AMPK is allosterically activated and phosphorylates man ...
... Regulated in Cells? • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor – Metabolic inputs to this sensor determine whether its output (protein kinase activity) takes place – When ATP is high, AMPK is inactive – When ATP is low, AMPK is allosterically activated and phosphorylates man ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.