27. GE_7.27 Gluconeo.. - College of Pharmacy at Howard University
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Step. 1. The third bypass is the final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate to yield glucose. Reversal of the hexokinase reaction would require phosphoryl group transfer from glucose 6-phosphate to ADP, forming ATP, an energetically unfavorable r ...
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Step. 1. The third bypass is the final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate to yield glucose. Reversal of the hexokinase reaction would require phosphoryl group transfer from glucose 6-phosphate to ADP, forming ATP, an energetically unfavorable r ...
Chapter 2: Fuel Utilization and Muscle Metabolism During Exercise,
... Under most circumstances, fat and carbohydrate are the fuels utilized during exercise. The degree to which each fuel acts as the primary or secondary source of energy and the efficiency with which energy is utilized depends on the prior nutrition of the athlete and the intensity and duration of the ...
... Under most circumstances, fat and carbohydrate are the fuels utilized during exercise. The degree to which each fuel acts as the primary or secondary source of energy and the efficiency with which energy is utilized depends on the prior nutrition of the athlete and the intensity and duration of the ...
Protein
... generally do not dissolve in water They mostly contain carbon, hydrogen, very few oxygen atoms, but some also have phosphorous. There are three distinct groups of lipids: Simple lipids Phospholipids Sterols ...
... generally do not dissolve in water They mostly contain carbon, hydrogen, very few oxygen atoms, but some also have phosphorous. There are three distinct groups of lipids: Simple lipids Phospholipids Sterols ...
Exam #1
... Gluconeogenesis pg 548-544. What is the biological purpose of this process? Know which steps are the same,(reversible) and not the same (substrate cycles) as glycolysis—what will determine when it will be a a substrate cycle. What is the key control step involving F2,6P as an allosteric activator/in ...
... Gluconeogenesis pg 548-544. What is the biological purpose of this process? Know which steps are the same,(reversible) and not the same (substrate cycles) as glycolysis—what will determine when it will be a a substrate cycle. What is the key control step involving F2,6P as an allosteric activator/in ...
The physiology of nutrition
... sugar” should be less than 10%. The recommended amount of dietary fibres is 30 g/day (about 0.5-1 kg fresh vegetables and fruits; or consumption of 56-84 g oat meal). ...
... sugar” should be less than 10%. The recommended amount of dietary fibres is 30 g/day (about 0.5-1 kg fresh vegetables and fruits; or consumption of 56-84 g oat meal). ...
26_Test
... Each passage through the four reactions of beta-oxidation removes two carbons from the fatty acetylCo-A by converting them into the two carbon unit acetyl-CoA. Six cycles are required which results in the formation of 7 acetyl-CoA’s. ...
... Each passage through the four reactions of beta-oxidation removes two carbons from the fatty acetylCo-A by converting them into the two carbon unit acetyl-CoA. Six cycles are required which results in the formation of 7 acetyl-CoA’s. ...
Eicosanoid Synthesis
... • EPA & DHA are precursors for different eicosanoids than arachidonic acid • Fish oils have high content of ω-3 FA ...
... • EPA & DHA are precursors for different eicosanoids than arachidonic acid • Fish oils have high content of ω-3 FA ...
Transport of molecules into a bacterial cell
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
Alcohol Metabolism - Jessica Leary Nutrition Portfolio
... Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the common alcohol that will make one intoxicated when ingested. This is the chemical this is found in beer, wine, and liquor. ...
... Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the common alcohol that will make one intoxicated when ingested. This is the chemical this is found in beer, wine, and liquor. ...
Name 1 Bio 451 12th November, 1999 EXAM III This
... B. In muscle, glutamine synthetase (GS) is very active, catalyzing the ATP-dependent formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In liver, GS activity is very low; however, the activity of glutaminase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to ammonia and glutamate, is high. Explain the ...
... B. In muscle, glutamine synthetase (GS) is very active, catalyzing the ATP-dependent formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In liver, GS activity is very low; however, the activity of glutaminase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to ammonia and glutamate, is high. Explain the ...
Lecture 9-lea
... • The most important rate-limiting step is that catalyzed by phosphofructokinase. • Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. • Note that the activity of glucose transporters (GLUTs) can affect the intracellular glucose concentration. Insulin increases the activity of GLUT4 and ...
... • The most important rate-limiting step is that catalyzed by phosphofructokinase. • Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. • Note that the activity of glucose transporters (GLUTs) can affect the intracellular glucose concentration. Insulin increases the activity of GLUT4 and ...
Biochemistry Ch 33 597-624 [4-20
... Fatty Acid Synthase Complex – sequentially adds 2 carbon units from malonyl CoA to growing fatty acyl chain to form palmitate -each addition of 2C unit, growing chain undergoes two reduction reactions requiring NADPH -Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme of 2 identical subunits; each has catalytic ...
... Fatty Acid Synthase Complex – sequentially adds 2 carbon units from malonyl CoA to growing fatty acyl chain to form palmitate -each addition of 2C unit, growing chain undergoes two reduction reactions requiring NADPH -Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme of 2 identical subunits; each has catalytic ...
Lecture 11
... Vital to this process is the presence of coenzymes which act as hydrogen acceptors until the process of oxidative phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP Ultimately hydrogen combines with O2 to form water and the coenzymes are freed to accept more hydrogen so as to continue the process ...
... Vital to this process is the presence of coenzymes which act as hydrogen acceptors until the process of oxidative phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP Ultimately hydrogen combines with O2 to form water and the coenzymes are freed to accept more hydrogen so as to continue the process ...
Bioenergetics
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
... ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during muscle activity shows up in the urine as creatinine ...
Organic Compounds Powerpoint
... The chains come together differently due to the order of the different R groups and how they bond together. This structural difference also makes the proteins ...
... The chains come together differently due to the order of the different R groups and how they bond together. This structural difference also makes the proteins ...
CHAPTER 3 THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
... are also made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, though not in the same fixed ratio. Fats and oils, also called triglycerides, allow long-term energy storage and are formed from the dehydration reaction between one glycerol and three fatty acids. Both glycerol and fatty acids have polar groups, but fa ...
... are also made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, though not in the same fixed ratio. Fats and oils, also called triglycerides, allow long-term energy storage and are formed from the dehydration reaction between one glycerol and three fatty acids. Both glycerol and fatty acids have polar groups, but fa ...
Module 3- Bioenergetics - Bangen Athletic Development
... mitochondrial content. This shift allows athletes to perform more work before fatigue sets in. Oxygen deficit is the anaerobic contribution to the total energy cost during the start of exercise. This phenomenon occurs because of the time it takes for the aerobic energy systems to “kick in” to supply ...
... mitochondrial content. This shift allows athletes to perform more work before fatigue sets in. Oxygen deficit is the anaerobic contribution to the total energy cost during the start of exercise. This phenomenon occurs because of the time it takes for the aerobic energy systems to “kick in” to supply ...
File
... b. The muscles contain large amounts of ATP following even mild physical exercise c. The muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise d. The muscle cells require extremely large amounts of carbon dioxide to function ...
... b. The muscles contain large amounts of ATP following even mild physical exercise c. The muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise d. The muscle cells require extremely large amounts of carbon dioxide to function ...
Muscle
... SIRT1 is a Key Regulator in Caloric Restriction • SIRT1 connects nutrient availability to the expression of metabolic genes A striking feature of CR is the loss of fat stores and reduction of WAT (white adipose tissue) – SIRT1 participates (prevents) in the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesi ...
... SIRT1 is a Key Regulator in Caloric Restriction • SIRT1 connects nutrient availability to the expression of metabolic genes A striking feature of CR is the loss of fat stores and reduction of WAT (white adipose tissue) – SIRT1 participates (prevents) in the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesi ...
Al - Iraqia university/ college of medicine
... were usually full, meaning that diet must be providing too many of these nutrients. Other factors, as amount of dietary fiber, daily exercise, & genetics, play a role in regulating “good” & “bad” levels of these lipoproteins. Concentrations in mg/dL). 2.6 Proteins; Important in cell structure & func ...
... were usually full, meaning that diet must be providing too many of these nutrients. Other factors, as amount of dietary fiber, daily exercise, & genetics, play a role in regulating “good” & “bad” levels of these lipoproteins. Concentrations in mg/dL). 2.6 Proteins; Important in cell structure & func ...
Glycolysis - Oregon State University
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
Ch 28 Reading guide
... 1. List the three stages of fatty acid synthesis. 2. Where in the cell does FA synthesis take place? How does acetyl CoA get there? 3. What is the role of citrate lyase? What hormone leads to its activation? 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. Th ...
... 1. List the three stages of fatty acid synthesis. 2. Where in the cell does FA synthesis take place? How does acetyl CoA get there? 3. What is the role of citrate lyase? What hormone leads to its activation? 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. Th ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.