biology 2402
... through the plasma membrane and then enter the cytoplasm.) (During the process of digestion, polysaccharides and disaccharides are hydrolyzed into the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose.) (Glucose represents about 80% of the monosaccharides. Some fructose is converted into glucose as i ...
... through the plasma membrane and then enter the cytoplasm.) (During the process of digestion, polysaccharides and disaccharides are hydrolyzed into the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose.) (Glucose represents about 80% of the monosaccharides. Some fructose is converted into glucose as i ...
hanan abas
... By drawing upon the glycogen stores of the liver ,and Aslight amount may also be derived from the kidney , Both of these organs contain the specific eutyrac , Glucose_6_phosphates is necessary for the conversion Of glucose_6_phosphate to glucose As blood glucose level increase,usually by absorption ...
... By drawing upon the glycogen stores of the liver ,and Aslight amount may also be derived from the kidney , Both of these organs contain the specific eutyrac , Glucose_6_phosphates is necessary for the conversion Of glucose_6_phosphate to glucose As blood glucose level increase,usually by absorption ...
Chemical Foundations
... o cell wall of plants o most abundant organic chemical on earth o unbranched polymer of glucose o mammals lack enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bonds that link glucose units (other polysaccharides are linked by glycosidic bond) - Chitin o Insect exoskeleton and fungal cell walls o Polymer o ...
... o cell wall of plants o most abundant organic chemical on earth o unbranched polymer of glucose o mammals lack enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bonds that link glucose units (other polysaccharides are linked by glycosidic bond) - Chitin o Insect exoskeleton and fungal cell walls o Polymer o ...
Carbohydrates and the liver
... containing carbohydrates, protein and fat, both insulin and glucagon concentrations rise in the portal circulation, but the rise in insulin exceeds that of glucagon. The net effect is an increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio and a sharp decrease in EGP. After a protein/fat-rich meal containing litt ...
... containing carbohydrates, protein and fat, both insulin and glucagon concentrations rise in the portal circulation, but the rise in insulin exceeds that of glucagon. The net effect is an increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio and a sharp decrease in EGP. After a protein/fat-rich meal containing litt ...
The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston
... Why such a complex set of enzymes? 1 Enzymatic reactions rates are limited by diffusion, with shorter distance between subunits a enzyme can almost direct the substrate from one subunit (catalytic site) to another. 2. Channeling metabolic intermediates between ...
... Why such a complex set of enzymes? 1 Enzymatic reactions rates are limited by diffusion, with shorter distance between subunits a enzyme can almost direct the substrate from one subunit (catalytic site) to another. 2. Channeling metabolic intermediates between ...
Overview of Metabolism Chapter
... and the liver. They are first broken down to glucose before undergoing further metabolism. Glucose can then be further processed to release energy under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Fats Fats are stored as triglycerides, molecules that contain a single glycerol unit linked to three fatty a ...
... and the liver. They are first broken down to glucose before undergoing further metabolism. Glucose can then be further processed to release energy under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Fats Fats are stored as triglycerides, molecules that contain a single glycerol unit linked to three fatty a ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - Hexokinase phosphorylates any hexose sugar and is found in most cells; low Km indicates that much less glucose (substrate) is required to saturate half of the enzyme molecules; this implies a high affinity of the enzyme for its substrate; saturation (Vmax) by glucose occurs at low concentration ...
... - Hexokinase phosphorylates any hexose sugar and is found in most cells; low Km indicates that much less glucose (substrate) is required to saturate half of the enzyme molecules; this implies a high affinity of the enzyme for its substrate; saturation (Vmax) by glucose occurs at low concentration ...
Acids
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
Macromolecules Unit Study Guide
... 17. Briefly explain how Benedict’s Solution is used to test for carbohydrates. Be sure to explain what specific group of carbohydrates it can detect and what occurs in a positive and negative test. Benedicts solution is used to test for monossaccharides (simple sugars). A positive test will turn fro ...
... 17. Briefly explain how Benedict’s Solution is used to test for carbohydrates. Be sure to explain what specific group of carbohydrates it can detect and what occurs in a positive and negative test. Benedicts solution is used to test for monossaccharides (simple sugars). A positive test will turn fro ...
muscle energetics types of skeletal muscle
... Muscle Energetics Anaerobic metabolism Combined with phosphate transfer system can provide energy for short bursts of activity ...
... Muscle Energetics Anaerobic metabolism Combined with phosphate transfer system can provide energy for short bursts of activity ...
presentation source
... Sulphonyl ureas bind to the SUR1 protein associated with the K+ channel and like ATP induces closure. Glucose ...
... Sulphonyl ureas bind to the SUR1 protein associated with the K+ channel and like ATP induces closure. Glucose ...
Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
... of enzymes, ion channels and various signal-transducing effectors that could thus augment insulin secretion by a KATP independent mechanism [12]. In addition to malonyl-CoA, other short-chain acyl-CoA esters such as methylmalonylCoA, succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA can inhibit CPT I [13]. We hypothesize ...
... of enzymes, ion channels and various signal-transducing effectors that could thus augment insulin secretion by a KATP independent mechanism [12]. In addition to malonyl-CoA, other short-chain acyl-CoA esters such as methylmalonylCoA, succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA can inhibit CPT I [13]. We hypothesize ...
1 - Oregon State University
... Masters and Ph.D. students in Fisheries and Wildlife. In several instances, I have noted that their research involves nutritional aspects, but they don’t have the nutritional background to fully interpret their results. Finally, there are increasing opportunities for animal science graduates in zoo ...
... Masters and Ph.D. students in Fisheries and Wildlife. In several instances, I have noted that their research involves nutritional aspects, but they don’t have the nutritional background to fully interpret their results. Finally, there are increasing opportunities for animal science graduates in zoo ...
Problem Set 8 Key
... For glycerol-3-phosphate backbone: DHAP glycerol-3-phosphate: 1 NADH used, Sacrificed: 5 NADH, 1 FADH, 3 ATP Total of 19.5 ATP sacrificed Palmitic acid is 16 carbons, so 8 Acetyl CoA are required. Each Acetyl-CoA would normally go into the TCA cycle and generate 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP total ...
... For glycerol-3-phosphate backbone: DHAP glycerol-3-phosphate: 1 NADH used, Sacrificed: 5 NADH, 1 FADH, 3 ATP Total of 19.5 ATP sacrificed Palmitic acid is 16 carbons, so 8 Acetyl CoA are required. Each Acetyl-CoA would normally go into the TCA cycle and generate 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP total ...
Sure2Endure Supplement Facts
... Directions: Adults (18 years and older) may take 3 tablets one hour prior to exercise to achieve optimum performance. Needs may vary with each individual. To maximize this effect, you may wish to add BioLean II® or BioLean Free® one hour prior to exercise. Recommendations: In addition to this supple ...
... Directions: Adults (18 years and older) may take 3 tablets one hour prior to exercise to achieve optimum performance. Needs may vary with each individual. To maximize this effect, you may wish to add BioLean II® or BioLean Free® one hour prior to exercise. Recommendations: In addition to this supple ...
Using Customized Nutrition to Treat
... • Plasma amino acids can also help with a support protocol for people with diabetes. • Cysteine and Taurine are beneficial in preventing kidney failure. • Taurine is helpful in counteracting oxidative stress commonly found in diabetics. • It should be used with caution as it can lower blood sugar du ...
... • Plasma amino acids can also help with a support protocol for people with diabetes. • Cysteine and Taurine are beneficial in preventing kidney failure. • Taurine is helpful in counteracting oxidative stress commonly found in diabetics. • It should be used with caution as it can lower blood sugar du ...
Carbohydrate metabolism2
... •In absence of O2 re-oxidation of NADH at glyceraldehyde-3-Pdehydrogenase stage cannot take place in electron-transport chain. But the cells have limited coenzyme. Hence to continue the glycolytic pathway NADH must be oxidized to NAD+. This is achieved by reoxidation of NADH by conversion of pyruvat ...
... •In absence of O2 re-oxidation of NADH at glyceraldehyde-3-Pdehydrogenase stage cannot take place in electron-transport chain. But the cells have limited coenzyme. Hence to continue the glycolytic pathway NADH must be oxidized to NAD+. This is achieved by reoxidation of NADH by conversion of pyruvat ...
Document
... All but fat have a doubly charged polar group that makes them less hydrophobic, so the differences lie in the number of hydrophobic carbon atoms per molecule. Fat wins for that reason and because its polar group is less hydrophilic than the charged counterparts. 2. The structure of alpha-L-fucose is ...
... All but fat have a doubly charged polar group that makes them less hydrophobic, so the differences lie in the number of hydrophobic carbon atoms per molecule. Fat wins for that reason and because its polar group is less hydrophilic than the charged counterparts. 2. The structure of alpha-L-fucose is ...
File
... • The greater the number of the hydrogens in the substrate molecule = the greater the energy value • “Energy Density” energy value per unit mass (aka amount of energy packed into a substrate molecule) • Fatty acids have more hydrogens than ...
... • The greater the number of the hydrogens in the substrate molecule = the greater the energy value • “Energy Density” energy value per unit mass (aka amount of energy packed into a substrate molecule) • Fatty acids have more hydrogens than ...
Biology`s Gasoline: Oxidation of Fatty Acids Fats: our unpopular best
... An exercise I strongly suggest (hence the red)- The set of reactions that take you from a mitochondrial acyl-CoA to a two-carbon shorter acyl-CoA and a new acetyl-CoA, along with reduced products, are written one by one above. You will notice that the product of each earlier reaction is the substrat ...
... An exercise I strongly suggest (hence the red)- The set of reactions that take you from a mitochondrial acyl-CoA to a two-carbon shorter acyl-CoA and a new acetyl-CoA, along with reduced products, are written one by one above. You will notice that the product of each earlier reaction is the substrat ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Overview All living
... the next pathway. This is essentially a rearrangement step - but an important one. While we will be talking about glucose in this lecture, you already know that your body can use both proteins and fats as energy as well. Many of these biomolecules may be converted to acetyl-CoA. So this molecule act ...
... the next pathway. This is essentially a rearrangement step - but an important one. While we will be talking about glucose in this lecture, you already know that your body can use both proteins and fats as energy as well. Many of these biomolecules may be converted to acetyl-CoA. So this molecule act ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.