9781284086362_SLID_CH08a
... – Split off amino group • Converted to urea for excretion – Carbon skeleton enters breakdown pathways – End products • ATP, H2O, CO2, urea ...
... – Split off amino group • Converted to urea for excretion – Carbon skeleton enters breakdown pathways – End products • ATP, H2O, CO2, urea ...
PPT 8 Communication within multicell. orgs.
... (shape)when the ligand (messenger) binds to outside of the cell. • The signal molecule does not enter the cell. • The signal is transduced (passed) across the cell membrane. • This often involves cascades of G-proteins or phosphorylation by kinase enzymes. ...
... (shape)when the ligand (messenger) binds to outside of the cell. • The signal molecule does not enter the cell. • The signal is transduced (passed) across the cell membrane. • This often involves cascades of G-proteins or phosphorylation by kinase enzymes. ...
HERE
... Affect the rate of production of some Neurotransmitters (chemical compounds that transfer signals from one nerve cell to another nerve cell or to a muscle cell) ...
... Affect the rate of production of some Neurotransmitters (chemical compounds that transfer signals from one nerve cell to another nerve cell or to a muscle cell) ...
citric acid cycle
... reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein because glucose, fatty acids, and mo ...
... reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein because glucose, fatty acids, and mo ...
Biosynthesis of glucose – gluconeogenesis
... During period of fasting glycogen in liver is mobilized but it only lasts 12 to 24 hours and this source of glucose may not fulfill metabolic need. During a longer period of starvation organism must synthesize glucose from smaller noncarbohydrate precursor molecules. ...
... During period of fasting glycogen in liver is mobilized but it only lasts 12 to 24 hours and this source of glucose may not fulfill metabolic need. During a longer period of starvation organism must synthesize glucose from smaller noncarbohydrate precursor molecules. ...
EXAMPLES OF “STEP
... There is an increase of the pyruvate level in the patient's blood and urine. What kind of avitaminosis developed in this case? A. B2 avitaminosis. B. E avitaminosis. C. B3 avitaminosis. D. B6 avitaminosis. E. B1 avitaminosis.* 36. Potassium cyanide is a very dangerous poison that causes instantaneou ...
... There is an increase of the pyruvate level in the patient's blood and urine. What kind of avitaminosis developed in this case? A. B2 avitaminosis. B. E avitaminosis. C. B3 avitaminosis. D. B6 avitaminosis. E. B1 avitaminosis.* 36. Potassium cyanide is a very dangerous poison that causes instantaneou ...
CV Protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial: A
... that under conditions of mild, persistent hyperketonemia, such as those that prevail during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, b-hydroxybutyrate is freely taken up by the heart (among other organs) and oxidized in preference to fatty acids. This fuel selection improves the transduction of oxygen consu ...
... that under conditions of mild, persistent hyperketonemia, such as those that prevail during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, b-hydroxybutyrate is freely taken up by the heart (among other organs) and oxidized in preference to fatty acids. This fuel selection improves the transduction of oxygen consu ...
Physiology
... group. Each heme can carry one molecule of O2, the Hb molecule as a whole can transport up to 4 O2 . About 20% of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is also transported by Hb. Hemoglobin exists in several forms that display slight differences in the globin chains, the form adult Hb (HbA). About 2 ...
... group. Each heme can carry one molecule of O2, the Hb molecule as a whole can transport up to 4 O2 . About 20% of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is also transported by Hb. Hemoglobin exists in several forms that display slight differences in the globin chains, the form adult Hb (HbA). About 2 ...
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM
... 3. PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUCOSE Traps glucose in cell, creates more reactive compound Hexokinase: relatively non-specific-acts on glu, mann, fruc, Km in low uM range, bld glu 4-8 mM therefore active most of the time, occurs in muscle and brain. Inhibited by G-6-P Glucokinase: (hexokinase IV, an isozym ...
... 3. PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUCOSE Traps glucose in cell, creates more reactive compound Hexokinase: relatively non-specific-acts on glu, mann, fruc, Km in low uM range, bld glu 4-8 mM therefore active most of the time, occurs in muscle and brain. Inhibited by G-6-P Glucokinase: (hexokinase IV, an isozym ...
Chem 152 - your chem, your time, it`s chemtime!
... Plan out which samples are important as positive and as negative controls for the tests. (You may do this in table form). Plan the order of your work! Some of the experiments have waiting times that may be used to do the other parts. The order the experiments are written below need not be the or ...
... Plan out which samples are important as positive and as negative controls for the tests. (You may do this in table form). Plan the order of your work! Some of the experiments have waiting times that may be used to do the other parts. The order the experiments are written below need not be the or ...
Sports Nutrition for Beginners Basic Eating Tips for Active People
... 20% - 35% of total energy intake (Moderate) Limited Saturated Fat- <10% of energy In agreement with ADA Position: Athletes NOT to restrict dietary fat intake because very low fat diets (< 15%) have not been proven to enhance performance. ...
... 20% - 35% of total energy intake (Moderate) Limited Saturated Fat- <10% of energy In agreement with ADA Position: Athletes NOT to restrict dietary fat intake because very low fat diets (< 15%) have not been proven to enhance performance. ...
Metabolism
... w 1 mole of glycogen produces 3 mole ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces 2 mole of ATP. The difference is due to the fact that it takes 1 mole of ATP to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, where glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate and then to glucose-6-phosphate without the loss of 1 ATP. ...
... w 1 mole of glycogen produces 3 mole ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces 2 mole of ATP. The difference is due to the fact that it takes 1 mole of ATP to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, where glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate and then to glucose-6-phosphate without the loss of 1 ATP. ...
Study Guide and Potential Essay Questions for Chapter 25
... B. What factors contribute to the increases in oxygen consumption seen when environmental (ambient) temperature is raised or lowered from the thermoneutral zone? C. Why does metabolic rate decline at very high or very low environmental temperatures? D. Why does body temperature eventually rise or fa ...
... B. What factors contribute to the increases in oxygen consumption seen when environmental (ambient) temperature is raised or lowered from the thermoneutral zone? C. Why does metabolic rate decline at very high or very low environmental temperatures? D. Why does body temperature eventually rise or fa ...
CHAPTER 3: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... Energy-Investment Steps Two ATP are used to activate glucose as glycolysis begins. Energy-Harvesting Steps Glycolysis breaks down glucose to two molecules of pyruvate, making ATP by substratelevel ATP synthesis. There is a net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis. 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Re ...
... Energy-Investment Steps Two ATP are used to activate glucose as glycolysis begins. Energy-Harvesting Steps Glycolysis breaks down glucose to two molecules of pyruvate, making ATP by substratelevel ATP synthesis. There is a net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis. 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Re ...
glucose
... • Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-6phosphate - it occurs when high levels of glucose-6-phosphate are formed in the first reaction of glycolysis - it does not operate when glycogen stores are full, which means that additional glucose is converted to body fat ...
... • Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-6phosphate - it occurs when high levels of glucose-6-phosphate are formed in the first reaction of glycolysis - it does not operate when glycogen stores are full, which means that additional glucose is converted to body fat ...
BIOMOLECULES : CARBOHYDRATES - IDC
... amine derivatives such as glucosamine or galactosamine acetylated amine derivatives such as N-Acetyl-GlcNAc (GlcNAc) or GalNAc more complex condensation products of sugar derivatives with lactate (CH3CHOHCO2-) and pyruvate, (CH3COCO2- ) to form muramic acid and neuraminic acids, (also called sialic ...
... amine derivatives such as glucosamine or galactosamine acetylated amine derivatives such as N-Acetyl-GlcNAc (GlcNAc) or GalNAc more complex condensation products of sugar derivatives with lactate (CH3CHOHCO2-) and pyruvate, (CH3COCO2- ) to form muramic acid and neuraminic acids, (also called sialic ...
Organic Chemistry
... 2. Carbohydrates are a class of organic molecule that contain Carbon , Hydrogen, and Oxygen molecules in a 1:2:1 ratio. They are often in structured into 5 or 6 carbon rings. They are also called saccharides or sugars and provide living organisms with energy. Examples: glucose, fructose (Monosacchar ...
... 2. Carbohydrates are a class of organic molecule that contain Carbon , Hydrogen, and Oxygen molecules in a 1:2:1 ratio. They are often in structured into 5 or 6 carbon rings. They are also called saccharides or sugars and provide living organisms with energy. Examples: glucose, fructose (Monosacchar ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.