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... Fermentation is used outside of the presence of oxygen. It is a series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD+,allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
... Fermentation is used outside of the presence of oxygen. It is a series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD+,allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ion ...
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ion ...
슬라이드 1
... and cytokines that can affect energy homeostasis and the sensitivity of tissue to insulin. • The role of the adipose tissue – Buffering the level of fatty acids in the circulation in the postprandial period • by regulation of the release of NEFA into the circulation • according to the conditions of ...
... and cytokines that can affect energy homeostasis and the sensitivity of tissue to insulin. • The role of the adipose tissue – Buffering the level of fatty acids in the circulation in the postprandial period • by regulation of the release of NEFA into the circulation • according to the conditions of ...
Unit three: - Life Science Academy
... She is not producing insulin and thus her glucose levels are remaining elevated over the time period. A brief rise in glucose levels stays within the range of normal (perhaps elevated for a bit too long) However, risk factors described show that the patient is at risk for Type 2 diabetes. ...
... She is not producing insulin and thus her glucose levels are remaining elevated over the time period. A brief rise in glucose levels stays within the range of normal (perhaps elevated for a bit too long) However, risk factors described show that the patient is at risk for Type 2 diabetes. ...
Cellular Respiration
... 3 body systems are needed to make the mitochondria work; digestion, circulation, and respiration Why digestion? through the digestive system the body acquires the food it needs to fuel all cells main food source needed are carbohydrates broken into glucose molecules the cell breaks the glucose into ...
... 3 body systems are needed to make the mitochondria work; digestion, circulation, and respiration Why digestion? through the digestive system the body acquires the food it needs to fuel all cells main food source needed are carbohydrates broken into glucose molecules the cell breaks the glucose into ...
Vitamins Chart
... peanuts, 60mg Typ = 1mg niacin, requires B6 if none xanthurenic acid is excreted in urine, niacitin is carbohydrate bound form in corn ...
... peanuts, 60mg Typ = 1mg niacin, requires B6 if none xanthurenic acid is excreted in urine, niacitin is carbohydrate bound form in corn ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... 1. Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway): The oxidation of glucose to pyruvate and lactate.(Located in cytosol) 2. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle): The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2. Krebs cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats or amino acids, ...
... 1. Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway): The oxidation of glucose to pyruvate and lactate.(Located in cytosol) 2. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle): The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2. Krebs cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats or amino acids, ...
PHARMACY BIOMEDICAL PREVIEW PROGRAM 2014
... From Glycolysis to TCA Cycle • Recall that the final molecule produced by the glycolysis pathway is pyruvate and that the primary fuel of the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA. ...
... From Glycolysis to TCA Cycle • Recall that the final molecule produced by the glycolysis pathway is pyruvate and that the primary fuel of the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA. ...
Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
... As the protons move down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase complexes, they drive the formation of ATP molecules On average, cellular respiration can produce a maximum of 32 ATP/glucose Different fuels (foods) can enter cellular respiration at different stages to provide energy Th ...
... As the protons move down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase complexes, they drive the formation of ATP molecules On average, cellular respiration can produce a maximum of 32 ATP/glucose Different fuels (foods) can enter cellular respiration at different stages to provide energy Th ...
Respiration
... FADH2 None of these makes more ATP; they all produce the same amount During beta oxidation * a H+ gradient is created photophosphorylation makes ATP fatty acids are fed into the Krebs cycle NAD+ carriers are regenerated ...
... FADH2 None of these makes more ATP; they all produce the same amount During beta oxidation * a H+ gradient is created photophosphorylation makes ATP fatty acids are fed into the Krebs cycle NAD+ carriers are regenerated ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism - BITS Academic Resource Center
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate A ...
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate A ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... C. Excessive production of ketone bodies in diabetes mellitus When the rate of formation of ketone bodies is greater than the rate of their use, their levels begin to rise in the blood (ketonemia) and eventually in the urine (ketonuria). These two conditions are seen most often in cases of unco ...
... C. Excessive production of ketone bodies in diabetes mellitus When the rate of formation of ketone bodies is greater than the rate of their use, their levels begin to rise in the blood (ketonemia) and eventually in the urine (ketonuria). These two conditions are seen most often in cases of unco ...
EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS ON THE GENE EXPRESSION: Nutri
... • In the liver, glucose, in the presence of insulin, induces expression of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, e.g. L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase, and represses genes of the gluconeogenic pathway, such as t ...
... • In the liver, glucose, in the presence of insulin, induces expression of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, e.g. L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase, and represses genes of the gluconeogenic pathway, such as t ...
Bio102 Problems
... 12. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and is heavily regulated. Which one mechanism listed below is NOT used to regulate PFK? A. PFK can be allosterically activated by AMP. B. PFK can be phosphorylated by AMPK. C. More PFK can be produced by increasing transcription of the PFK ...
... 12. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and is heavily regulated. Which one mechanism listed below is NOT used to regulate PFK? A. PFK can be allosterically activated by AMP. B. PFK can be phosphorylated by AMPK. C. More PFK can be produced by increasing transcription of the PFK ...
acyl-CoA
... • Produced when acetyl-CoA levels exceed the capacity of the TCA cycle (depends on OAA levels) • Under starvation conditions no carbos to produced anpleorotic intermediates • Some of the acetyl-CoA produced by fatty acid oxidation in liver mitochondria is converted to acetone, acetoacetate and -hyd ...
... • Produced when acetyl-CoA levels exceed the capacity of the TCA cycle (depends on OAA levels) • Under starvation conditions no carbos to produced anpleorotic intermediates • Some of the acetyl-CoA produced by fatty acid oxidation in liver mitochondria is converted to acetone, acetoacetate and -hyd ...
Chapter 2 part 3
... – Proteins such as hemoglobin are responsible for the transport of substances within the body. – Proteins also transport substances across cell membranes. ...
... – Proteins such as hemoglobin are responsible for the transport of substances within the body. – Proteins also transport substances across cell membranes. ...
1. An inner engine keeps us alive
... 2.1 We are composed mostly of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen A Google search reveals that a car has about 14,000 parts. A fighter plane has about 240,000 parts. When you open the hood of the car, the complexity of the engine may startle you. But, the principles of construction are not that co ...
... 2.1 We are composed mostly of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen A Google search reveals that a car has about 14,000 parts. A fighter plane has about 240,000 parts. When you open the hood of the car, the complexity of the engine may startle you. But, the principles of construction are not that co ...
Chapter 16
... of the liver and the muscles hydrated with three or four parts of water. Glycogen functions as the secondary long-term energy storage, with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose f ...
... of the liver and the muscles hydrated with three or four parts of water. Glycogen functions as the secondary long-term energy storage, with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose f ...
Problem Set 9 Key
... 12. How is flux through the Urea Cycle regulated? Major regulatory point is carbamoyl phosphate synthase. This enzyme is allosterically activated by N-acetyl glutamate, a product of enzyme mediated acylation that is proportional to the [glutamate] in the cell. So, as [Glu] increases (an indicator of ...
... 12. How is flux through the Urea Cycle regulated? Major regulatory point is carbamoyl phosphate synthase. This enzyme is allosterically activated by N-acetyl glutamate, a product of enzyme mediated acylation that is proportional to the [glutamate] in the cell. So, as [Glu] increases (an indicator of ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.