Physiology 8 Endocrine and Gastroenterology
... A calorie is: a) standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1° from 15-16°C b) standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of mercury 1° from 17-18°C c) the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water ...
... A calorie is: a) standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1° from 15-16°C b) standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of mercury 1° from 17-18°C c) the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water ...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins Biologists depend
... glucose molecules attached to form these polysaccharides is not known. The two most common polysaccharides in biology are starch and cellulose. They consist of long chains of glucose molecules joined together. With another team construct a starch molecule by joining four glucose molecules. This repr ...
... glucose molecules attached to form these polysaccharides is not known. The two most common polysaccharides in biology are starch and cellulose. They consist of long chains of glucose molecules joined together. With another team construct a starch molecule by joining four glucose molecules. This repr ...
Cellular Respiration
... oxidation of glucose and other molecules in food to make energy available so that cells can complete their tasks, such as… ...
... oxidation of glucose and other molecules in food to make energy available so that cells can complete their tasks, such as… ...
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation
... On a cool day, vasoconstriction of the skin’s blood vessels is beneficial because of this: ...
... On a cool day, vasoconstriction of the skin’s blood vessels is beneficial because of this: ...
Chapter 16.3: Anaerobic Respiration
... • Although glucose is the main respiratory substrate for most cells, some cells can oxidize lipids and amino acids – C atoms removed in pairs as acetyl coenzyme A in lipids, fed into Krebs cycle – C-H skeletons of amino acids converted into pyruvate or acetyl CoA ...
... • Although glucose is the main respiratory substrate for most cells, some cells can oxidize lipids and amino acids – C atoms removed in pairs as acetyl coenzyme A in lipids, fed into Krebs cycle – C-H skeletons of amino acids converted into pyruvate or acetyl CoA ...
Impaired fasting tolerance among Alaska native children
... possible to identify children most at risk. Parents of these two subjects did report prior symptoms in their children at the time of enrollment (Table 1). There are a number of inherited metabolic diseases where only a portion of affected individuals ever present with diseasespecific symptoms, and th ...
... possible to identify children most at risk. Parents of these two subjects did report prior symptoms in their children at the time of enrollment (Table 1). There are a number of inherited metabolic diseases where only a portion of affected individuals ever present with diseasespecific symptoms, and th ...
Lec6 Fatty acid oxid..
... Liver in fasting state: liver can use the following sources of energy: 1- Free fatty acids (from adipose tissue) is oxidized to produce energy 2- Glycerol (from adipose tissue), amino acids (from degradation of muscle protein), and lactate (from muscles), all are used as substrates of gluconeogenes ...
... Liver in fasting state: liver can use the following sources of energy: 1- Free fatty acids (from adipose tissue) is oxidized to produce energy 2- Glycerol (from adipose tissue), amino acids (from degradation of muscle protein), and lactate (from muscles), all are used as substrates of gluconeogenes ...
ENERGY SYSTEMS
... lipases into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far grea ...
... lipases into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far grea ...
Basic Strategies of Cell Metabolism
... we understand molecules consisting of basic monomeric units linked together. For example, if the monomeric structure consists of carbohydrates, one uses the term polysaccharides. These polymers cannot penetrate the cell membrane and must be broken down first into small transportable molecules, which ...
... we understand molecules consisting of basic monomeric units linked together. For example, if the monomeric structure consists of carbohydrates, one uses the term polysaccharides. These polymers cannot penetrate the cell membrane and must be broken down first into small transportable molecules, which ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle The two molecules of NADH proceed to step 4 to participate in oxidative phosphorylation The two CO2 molecules diffuse out of the cell as ...
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle The two molecules of NADH proceed to step 4 to participate in oxidative phosphorylation The two CO2 molecules diffuse out of the cell as ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... 2. The NADH produced during glycolysis is recycled to NAD. 3. Many bacteria are identified on the basis of their fermentative end products. 4. Fermentation of bacteria produces yogurt, sauerkraut, flavors to various cheeses and wines. 5. Alcoholic fermentation is uncommon in bacteria. ...
... 2. The NADH produced during glycolysis is recycled to NAD. 3. Many bacteria are identified on the basis of their fermentative end products. 4. Fermentation of bacteria produces yogurt, sauerkraut, flavors to various cheeses and wines. 5. Alcoholic fermentation is uncommon in bacteria. ...
Synthesis of Triacylglycerols and Glycerophospholipids
... adipocytes and regulation of carnitine acyltransferase I in the liver. High insulin levels also stimulate formation of malonyl CoA, which allosterically inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I fatty acids remain in cytosol and are not transported to mitochondria for oxidation. Key regulatory enzy ...
... adipocytes and regulation of carnitine acyltransferase I in the liver. High insulin levels also stimulate formation of malonyl CoA, which allosterically inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I fatty acids remain in cytosol and are not transported to mitochondria for oxidation. Key regulatory enzy ...
CP-Bio Ch 3(Chemistry of Life)
... bind to the enzyme and react. These are the reactant, or substrate, molecules. The part of the enzyme to which the reactant binds is called the active site. This is a very specific shape and the most important part of the enzyme. ...
... bind to the enzyme and react. These are the reactant, or substrate, molecules. The part of the enzyme to which the reactant binds is called the active site. This is a very specific shape and the most important part of the enzyme. ...
Transport of molecules into a bacterial cell
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
... The vitamin CoA is way bigger than the organic acids acted on by the enzymes. CoA serves as a handle; an acid attaches to it, chemistry is done on the acid. Acids (e.g. acetate, succinate) attach to this –SH group here. ...
Properties of the Major Biological Molecules
... Each protein can be made from up to 20 different amino acids that are bonded to each other in one long chain. Protein polymers can be made of a chain of over 15,000 amino acids. The ordering of these amino acids is variable from one protein to the next. The specific ordering of these amino acids ult ...
... Each protein can be made from up to 20 different amino acids that are bonded to each other in one long chain. Protein polymers can be made of a chain of over 15,000 amino acids. The ordering of these amino acids is variable from one protein to the next. The specific ordering of these amino acids ult ...
REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
Document
... Blue litmus terns pink (red) in the presence of acid (one the products is fatty acids) ...
... Blue litmus terns pink (red) in the presence of acid (one the products is fatty acids) ...
Liver Physiology - e-safe
... to be related to their degree of metabolism with formation of toxic metabolites and an immunological reaction. Coexisting factors, such as reduced hepatic blood flow due to prolonged hypotension and hypoxia, are also partly responsible. ...
... to be related to their degree of metabolism with formation of toxic metabolites and an immunological reaction. Coexisting factors, such as reduced hepatic blood flow due to prolonged hypotension and hypoxia, are also partly responsible. ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.