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REVIEW SHEET: Unit #8 – Respiration HONORS Biology TEXTBOOK: Ch. 9, Ch. 33.1, Ch. 33.3, page 984 HANDOUTS: Explore: Control of Blood Sugar Levels Online: Blood Sugar Homeostasis HW: Blood Doping WebMD Questions Notes.1: Reactants of Cellular Respiration Online: Cellular Respiration Interactive Explore: Cellular Respiration – Overview Explore: Cellular Respiration – In Depth Lab: Clothespin Olympics Notes.2: Cellular Respiration VIDEO CLIPS: Check out Khan Academy and Crash Course Biology for Respiratory System and Cellular Respiration reviews. VOCABULARY: Notes.1: Reactants of Cellular Respiration GLUCOSE ! ! ! ! ! ! Hyperventilation Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Glycogen Muscle Type 2 Diabetes Gestational Diabetes ! ! ! ! ! ! Cellular Respiration Glucose Pancreas Glucagon Fatty acids Hyperglycemia ! ! ! ! ! ! Mitochondrion Liver Insulin Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune disease Hypoglycemia ! ! ! ! ! ! Breathing Diaphragm Pharynx Bronchioles Autologous blood transfusion Hemoglobin ! ! ! ! ! ! Inhalation Lungs Trachea Alveolus (plural: alveoli) Homologous blood transfusion Synthetic Oxygen Carriers ! ! ! Vein Systemic Circulation Red Blood Cells OXYGEN ! ! ! ! ! ! Hyperventilation Exhalation Larynx Bronchus (plural: bronchi) Blood Doping Erythropoietin (EPO) CIRCULATON ! ! ! ! Artery ! Pulmonary Circulation ! Carbon dioxide Capillary Heart Oxygen Notes.2: Cellular Respiration – Aerobic vs. Anaerobic CELLULAR RESPIRATION ! ! ! ! ! ! Aerobic Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ATP synthase Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) Slow-twitch muscles ! ! ! ! ! ! Anaerobic Link Reaction Oxidative-Phosphorylation NADH Citrate (citric acid) Fast-twitch muscles ! ! ! ! ! ! Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Electron Transport Chain FADH2 Myoglobin OBJECTIVES: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration. Name the organelle that is associated with cellular respiration. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic processes. Compare and contrast cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation in your muscle cells. Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Identify the reactants and the products for cellular respiration. Identify the reactants and the products of glycolysis. Identify the reactants and the products of lactic acid fermentation. Compare and contrast lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Name the four stages of cellular respiration. Identify where in the cell each stage of cellular respiration takes place. Explain the role of NADH and FADH2. Explain the role of oxygen in cellular respiration. Explain the role of high-energy electrons in the electron transport chain. Explain what a concentration gradient is and how one is formed in the mitochondrion. Explain how ATP synthase works. Compare and contrast glucose and glycogen. Compare and contrast glucose and ATP. Compare and contrast ADP and ATP. Describe the composition of atmospheric air. Name the pathway that oxygen takes from the time it enters the human body to the time it reaches the mitochondrion of a muscle cell. Describe the physical changes of the respiratory system that a person suffering with emphysema undergoes. Name two ways that athletes have attempted to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport and usage in their bodies through blood doping. Explain how an athlete’s body changes as they train at high elevations. Explain why organisms exhale more CO2 after exercise than before exercise. Explain why organisms do not exhale the same amount of CO2 per minute. Compare and contrast slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Compare and contrast hemoglobin and myoglobin. Describe pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Compare and contrast autologous and homologous blood transfusions. Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. Explain why it is more difficult to breath at higher elevations. Name the locations of glycogen storage in the body. Name the organ responsible for producing an secreting hormones related to blood glucose regulation. Name the two hormones related to blood glucose regulation. Describe the role of insulin. Describe the role of glucagon. Predict the levels of glucose, glucagon, and insulin in a person who has just run 10 miles. Compare and contrast Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Describe the treatments for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics. Describe gas exchange between alveoli and the bloodstream. Describe how the diaphragm and rib cage muscles work together to control breathing.
