Cellular respiration
... • Fatty acids catabolized into acetyl groups (by beta-oxidation in mitochondrial matrix) may: • enter citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA • undergo ketogenesis • metabolized by liver to produce ketone bodies • acetoacetic acid • -hydroxybutyric acid • acetone ...
... • Fatty acids catabolized into acetyl groups (by beta-oxidation in mitochondrial matrix) may: • enter citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA • undergo ketogenesis • metabolized by liver to produce ketone bodies • acetoacetic acid • -hydroxybutyric acid • acetone ...
College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting
... College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting Chemical Energy • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic com ...
... College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting Chemical Energy • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic com ...
... Choice A: The South Beach diet suggests that the dieter completely eliminate carbohydrates from their diet. Should athletes with high energy demands, such a sprinters, go on this diet? Why or why not? Sprinters need a fast source of energy. This can only be provided from glucose in glycolysis. The g ...
GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS – I: AEROBIC METABOLISM
... Lactate, which is then released in blood, picked up by the Liver for conversion to Glucose via Gluconeogenesis; • Conversion of Lactate to Glucose requires 6 ATP; • Cancer cells produce Net of 2 ATP per Glucose converted into Lactate in Glycolysis; • Thus, Liver needs to provide an extra 4 ATP, to c ...
... Lactate, which is then released in blood, picked up by the Liver for conversion to Glucose via Gluconeogenesis; • Conversion of Lactate to Glucose requires 6 ATP; • Cancer cells produce Net of 2 ATP per Glucose converted into Lactate in Glycolysis; • Thus, Liver needs to provide an extra 4 ATP, to c ...
Cellular respiration *vs
... • Because there is no oxygen for use the ATP for energy is much less. This fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and produces only 2 molecules of ATP—Therefore, this is not as efficient of an energy path to follow. • So where does this fermentation occur—have you every been sore after a h ...
... • Because there is no oxygen for use the ATP for energy is much less. This fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and produces only 2 molecules of ATP—Therefore, this is not as efficient of an energy path to follow. • So where does this fermentation occur—have you every been sore after a h ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... 3. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is not true? a. For starting materials, it can use carbon skeletons derived from certain amino acids. b. It required metabolic energy (ATP or GTP). c. It is one of the ways that mammals maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. d. ...
... 3. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is not true? a. For starting materials, it can use carbon skeletons derived from certain amino acids. b. It required metabolic energy (ATP or GTP). c. It is one of the ways that mammals maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. d. ...
Chapter 19 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
... • The amino acids that can be converted to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates are glucogenic. • Net conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate (the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is irreversible) or oxaloacetate does not occur in mammals, thus neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty ac ...
... • The amino acids that can be converted to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates are glucogenic. • Net conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate (the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is irreversible) or oxaloacetate does not occur in mammals, thus neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty ac ...
Document
... 4. If an amino acid is glucogenic, it will not be degraded to ________. A) pyruvate B) glutamate C) fumarate D) acetoacetate 5. T/F It is possible for an amino acid to be both ketogenic and glucogenic. ...
... 4. If an amino acid is glucogenic, it will not be degraded to ________. A) pyruvate B) glutamate C) fumarate D) acetoacetate 5. T/F It is possible for an amino acid to be both ketogenic and glucogenic. ...
Advanced Macropod Course 2016 1
... Ketones are a product of fat breakdown, eg. Low carbohydrate diet or starvation. Also seen in poorly controlled diabetes ...
... Ketones are a product of fat breakdown, eg. Low carbohydrate diet or starvation. Also seen in poorly controlled diabetes ...
Amino acid Metabolism 2
... A) shikimate (in the aromatic amino acid pathway). B) tryptophan. C) lysine. D) phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 3. The conversion of tetrahydrofolate to methylene tetrahydrofolate is coupled to which amino acid conversion? A) serine → glycine B) glutamate → gglycine C) serine → threonine D) glycine → al ...
... A) shikimate (in the aromatic amino acid pathway). B) tryptophan. C) lysine. D) phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 3. The conversion of tetrahydrofolate to methylene tetrahydrofolate is coupled to which amino acid conversion? A) serine → glycine B) glutamate → gglycine C) serine → threonine D) glycine → al ...
Metabolic Disorders
... • An essential nutrient found in highest concentration in red meat. • Primary function : Transport long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation. • Carnitine supplementation in fatty acid oxidation disorders and organic acidosis may augment excretion of accumulated metabolites , but may not ...
... • An essential nutrient found in highest concentration in red meat. • Primary function : Transport long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation. • Carnitine supplementation in fatty acid oxidation disorders and organic acidosis may augment excretion of accumulated metabolites , but may not ...
going veggie... - Vegetarian Society
... Cutting out meat can markedly reduce your intake of fat, especially saturates. Even extra lean minced beef has over four times the fat of pulses. Making your Bolognese or curry with Quorn™ or soya mince will reduce the fat by three quarters. Soluble fibre can help keep cholesterol under control and ...
... Cutting out meat can markedly reduce your intake of fat, especially saturates. Even extra lean minced beef has over four times the fat of pulses. Making your Bolognese or curry with Quorn™ or soya mince will reduce the fat by three quarters. Soluble fibre can help keep cholesterol under control and ...
presentation source
... • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
... • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
Advances around technologies investigating mitochondrial function
... ª 2014 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association of the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reprodu ...
... ª 2014 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association of the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reprodu ...
Cellular Respiration
... 3 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain Fermentation (anaerobic) – process that releases energy from food without O2 – Fig. 9-4 2 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, fermentation NADH – an electron carrier molecule ...
... 3 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain Fermentation (anaerobic) – process that releases energy from food without O2 – Fig. 9-4 2 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, fermentation NADH – an electron carrier molecule ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
... acids boost flux by making more CAC intermediates • Transamination • High [pyruvate] at beginning of glycolysis boosts flux through CAC ...
... acids boost flux by making more CAC intermediates • Transamination • High [pyruvate] at beginning of glycolysis boosts flux through CAC ...
Document
... 2) You will be able to explain how energy is stored for future use (short term and long term situations) 3) You will be able to put the different steps of metabolism into chronological order 4) You will understand how energy is used during endurance exercise 5) You will evaluate and predict how diff ...
... 2) You will be able to explain how energy is stored for future use (short term and long term situations) 3) You will be able to put the different steps of metabolism into chronological order 4) You will understand how energy is used during endurance exercise 5) You will evaluate and predict how diff ...
Major Assignment: Modelling Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
... sentences, as outlined on the Biochemistry Unit Outline. (21 marks) Please note the following modifications/additions to questions: p. 33 C: Explain whether fructose and glucose are isomers. p. 33 D: The glucose chain initially referred to is the one made in Step 6. For the follow-up question, speci ...
... sentences, as outlined on the Biochemistry Unit Outline. (21 marks) Please note the following modifications/additions to questions: p. 33 C: Explain whether fructose and glucose are isomers. p. 33 D: The glucose chain initially referred to is the one made in Step 6. For the follow-up question, speci ...
Biochemistry Key Answers
... and absorption of Triacylglycerols. 9. Biochemical importance of derivatives of Cholesterol. 10. Significance and disorders of Pentose Phosphate pathway. Short Answer Question: 1. Mutarotation.2. Subcellular organelles. 3. Basal metabolic rate. 5. Essential amino acids. 6. Causes of fatty liver. 7. ...
... and absorption of Triacylglycerols. 9. Biochemical importance of derivatives of Cholesterol. 10. Significance and disorders of Pentose Phosphate pathway. Short Answer Question: 1. Mutarotation.2. Subcellular organelles. 3. Basal metabolic rate. 5. Essential amino acids. 6. Causes of fatty liver. 7. ...
Carbon Compounds In Living Organisms
... The second type of carbon-based molecules found in living things are LIPIDS. • Lipids serve as the main reservoir of stored energy in living organisms. • They are also a major component of cell ...
... The second type of carbon-based molecules found in living things are LIPIDS. • Lipids serve as the main reservoir of stored energy in living organisms. • They are also a major component of cell ...
lec32_F2015
... Anabolic role: TCA cycle provides starting material for fats and amino acids. Note: carbohydrates cannot be synthesized from acetyl-CoA by humans. PyruvateAcetyl CoA is one way! In contrast to glycolysis, none of the intermediates are phosphorylated; but all are either di- or tricarboxylic acid ...
... Anabolic role: TCA cycle provides starting material for fats and amino acids. Note: carbohydrates cannot be synthesized from acetyl-CoA by humans. PyruvateAcetyl CoA is one way! In contrast to glycolysis, none of the intermediates are phosphorylated; but all are either di- or tricarboxylic acid ...
Biochemistry review
... mitochondria, fatty acyl-CoA needs a carrier to cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria. What is the name of this carrier? a. creatine b. lipoate c. acetyl-CoA d. carnitine ...
... mitochondria, fatty acyl-CoA needs a carrier to cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria. What is the name of this carrier? a. creatine b. lipoate c. acetyl-CoA d. carnitine ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... Again, the configurational difference can be important biologically: e.g. only L-amino-acids occur in proteins. ...
... Again, the configurational difference can be important biologically: e.g. only L-amino-acids occur in proteins. ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.