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Biology II – Chapter 4 Study Guide 1. The outer living boundary of the cell is the ______________________. 2. The cell membrane regulates the _____________ of molecules into and out of the cell 3. The cell membrane is largely responsible for maintaining cellular ________________. 4. _______________ bilayer determines the basic structure of the cell membrane. 5. Each phospholipid has a polar head that is _______________, and two nonpolar tails that are ________________. 6. The lipid bilayer contains _______________ that have carbohydrate chains attached to the polar head. 7. ________ Which of the following is a cell protein: A. cell-recognition C. channel E. all of these B. glycoprotein D. carrier 8. ________________ proteins make up the cellular fingerprint by which cells recognize each other. 9. The proteins that selectively interact with specific molecules or ions so they can cross the membrane to enter or exit the cell are _____________ proteins. 10. The proteins that are shaped in a particular way that binds to a specific molecule are _______________ proteins. 11. Because of the restricted passage associated with the cell membrane, it is said to be ______________________. 12. _________ Which of the following is NOT a passive transport: A. diffusion B. facilitated C. osmosis D. endocytosis 13. _____________________ does not require any energy to occur. 14. ______________ is a type of transport that is spontaneous and no energy is required for it to begin. 15. The difference in net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called the __________________________. 16. _______________ is a type of transport that occurs constantly and is crucial in living organisms. 17. Pressure generated/created by the solute in a solution is ____________. 18. The strength of a solution in relationship to osmosis is called ______________. 19. Solutions where cells that are placed in them neither gain or lose water are __________. 1 20. A solution that has a higher concentration of solute and a lower concentration of water than the cell is called ______________. 21. _____________ proteins are required for facilitated diffusion and active transport. 22. Glucose and amino acids cross the cell membrane even though they are not lipid soluble by means of _________________________. 23. The transfer of a substance into or out of a cell from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration by a process that requires a carrier and an expenditure of energy is known as ____________________. 24. Energy is required to transport molecules against the concentration gradient in the form of ______. 25. A process in which a vesicle is formed at the cell membrane to bring a substance into the cell is called __________________. 26. Cell eating or the taking in of bacteria and/or debris by engulfing is known as __________________. 27. Cell drinking or the taking in of fluid along with dissolved solutes by engulfing is known as ___________________. 28. _____________________________________ selectively moves specific molecules into the cells with the aid of receptor proteins at coated pit sites. 29. A process in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane so that the vesicle’s contents are released outside the cell is called ___________________. 30. __________________________ is the cell connection that is restricted to plant cells. 31. ____________________________ are cell-to-cell channels made of protein channels that connect the insides of adjacent cells. 32. ____________________________ hold adjacent cells together through proteins filaments attached to the interior of each cell to further strengthen the attachment. 2 33. – 45. Label the following types of transports: Endocytosis Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Passive Transport 3 KEY 1. cell membrane 2. exchange 3. boundaries 4. phospholipid 5. hydrophilic, hydrophobic 6. glycoproteins 7. (E.) all of these 8. recognition 9. channel 10. carrier 11. selectively permeable 12. (D.) endocytosis 13. passive transport 14. diffusion 15. concentration gradient 16. Osmosis 17. gradient 18. concentration 19. isotonic 20. hypertonic 21. carrier 22. facilitated diffusion 23. active transport 24. ATP 25. endocytosis 26. phagocytosis 27. pinocytosis 28. receptor-mediated endocytosis 29. exocytosis 30. plasmodesmata 31. gap junctions 32. desmosomes 33. – 45. Label the following types of transports: diffusion osmosis 4 endocytosis Active transport Passive transport