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Transcript
Your Body’s Defenses: Section 5 Teacher Notes Lines of Defense 1. Enzymes 2. Skin 3. Immune System Immune System Cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body. Macrophage An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials. T Cell An immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells. B Cell A white blood cell that makes antibodies. Antibody A protein made by B Cells that binds to a specific antigen. Each antibody only attaches to one kind of antigen. Antigen Substances that stimulate an immune response. Responding to a Virus Step 1: Two Paths Path 1: Virus particles are engulfed by macrophages. Path 2: The body is infected by a virus. Step 2: Two Responses Response 1: A T cell response Response 2: A B cell response Step 3: T Cell Response Helper T cells activate killer T cells. Step 4: Destroying Infected Cells Killer T cells recognize the viral antigen on infected cells. The killer T cells destroy the infected cells so that the virus particles inside the cell cannot reproduce. Step 5: B Cell Response Meanwhile, helper T cells also activate B cells. Activated B cells divide to make cells that can make antibodies. The antibodies recognize the shape of the viral antigen. Step 6: Destroying the Virus Antibodies bind to the viral antigen on the viruses. The antibodies bound to the viruses cause the viruses to clump together. Clumping marks the virus particles for destruction. Fevers Response by the immune system started from a signal from the helper T cells to the brain. Help B cells and T cells multiply faster. Memory Cells B cells and T cells that remember a specific pathogen from a previous infection. Memory B Cell B cells that are cells in your immune system that “remember” how to make an antibody for a particular pathogen. Allergy A reaction to a harmless or common substance by the body’s immune system. Autoimmune Disease A disease in which the immune system attacks your own cells. Examples: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Lupus Cancer A disease in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become aggressive. AIDS Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Uses the immune system to attack the body. Homework – Your Body’s Defenses Section 5 Using Key Terms Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Antibody Infectious Disease Noninfectious Disease Pathogen Cancer B cell T cell Allergy 1. A(n) infectious disease is caused by a pathogen. 2. Antibiotics can be used to kill a(n) pathogen. 3. Macrophages attract helper T cells. 4. A(n) antibody binds to an antigen. 5. An immune-system overreaction to a harmless substance is a(n) allergy. 6. Cancer is the unregulated growth of cells. Understanding Key Ideas – Multiple Choice 7. Pathogens are a. all viruses and microorganisms. b. viruses and microorganisms that cause disease. c. noninfectious disease. d. all bacteria that live in water. 8. Which of the following is an infectious disease? a. allergies b. rheumatoid arthritis c. asthma d. a common cold 9. The skin keeps pathogens out by a. staying warm enough to kill pathogens. b. releasing killer T cells onto the surface. c. shedding dead cells and secreting oils. d. All of the above 10. Memory B cells a. kill pathogens. b. activate killer T cells. c. activate killer B cells. d. produce B cells that make antibodies. 11. A fever a. slows pathogen growth. b. release helper T cells. c. live in the gut. d. engulf pathogens. 12. Macrophages a. make antibodies. b. release helper T cells. c. live in the gut. d. engulf pathogens.