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Period:
Date:
Unit Objectives:
BASIC:
1. Students will know how traits are inherited.
2. Students will know where genetic information is stored in the body.
3. Students will be able to predict what offspring potentially will look like.
CHALLENGE:
1. Students will understand how DNA is structured.
2. Students will be able to complete a dihybrid Punnett Square
PREDICT:
1. What does it mean to “inherit” something?
2. What objective do you think you already know?
3. What do you think you will be learning about in this unit?
4. What do you think you need to do to be successful?
5. How will you let your teacher know that you have learned these
things?
Genetics
Page 1
Pedigree page
Genetics
Page 2
Making a Pedigree for a Family Trait
First pick a trait, such as DARK HAIR or DARK EYES.
What trait are you going to look at? ________________________.
When charting a trait on a pedigree, anyone who has the trait is colored in,
so a
 is a female with the trait, and a  is a male with the trait.
Now, Start drawing your family tree. Start with yourself and your parents.
Then add any brothers or sisters. Finally, if you know them,
add in grandparents.
Genetics
Page 3
Traits in the Classroom
Student
Genetics
Can
Roll
NonRoll
Free
Ear
Att.
Ear
Widow
Pk
No Pk
Dark
Eyes
Light
Eyes
Page 4
Dimples
No
Dimples
Curly
Hair
Straight
Hair
Observing Traits in the Classroom
1. Count the number of classmates who have each of the traits listed in the data
table.
2. Fill in the numbers for each trait in the table.
Trait 1
# of students
Trait 2
# of students
TongueNon-roller
Roller
Free Ear
Attached
Lobes
Ear Lobes
Widow’s
No Widow’s
Peak
peak
Dark Eyes
Light Eyes

Dimples
No Dimples
Curly Hair
Straight
Hair
Dark Eyes= brown or super dark hazel. Light eyes=blue or light green
CONCLUSION (remember to answer in complete sentences):
1. Describe which two traits were most common in class (had the highest number of
students):
2. Describe which trait was the least common:
3. Which trait surprised you the most as being a genetic trait?
4. Which results surprised you the most?
5. Which traits had more students on the “Trait 1” side of the chart than the “Trait
2” side? For instance, look at the line labeled “Tongue-roller” and “non-roller”
– does Tongue-roller have more?
6. Which traits were close to even for trait 1 and trait 2?
Genetics
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Genetics Vocabulary
Word
Predicted
Meaning
Actual
Meaning
Genetics
Trait
Organism
Offspring
Gene
Chromosome
Probability
Genetics
Page 6
Word
Predicted
Meaning
Actual
Meaning
Dominant
Recessive
Genotype
Phenotype
Purebred/
Homozygous
Hybrid/
Heterozygous
Heredity
Mutation
Genetics
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Word
Predicted
Meaning
Actual
Meaning
Allele
Genetics
Page 8
World of Genetics word search
Genetics
Page 9
Genetics Notes
GENES
There are __________ genes for every trait, __________ from mom and
_______ from dad.
GENETIC CODES (Genotypes):
These are the ___________________ used to show what genes something
has for a ____________.
CAPITAL LETTERS = ______________________ genes. The ___________
ALWAYS shows.
Lowercase letters = ________________________ genes. It takes 2 of them
for the trait to show.
For example, E=Dark Eyes, e=light eyes
There are 3 possible combinations of letters:
EE = _____________ trait shows, eyes are ______________
Ee= ________________trait shows, eyes are ________________
ee = _______________ trait shows, eyes are _________________
GENDER:
The _______________ determines the gender.
FEMALES have ____________ genotype.
MALES have __________ genotype.
IDENTICAL TWINS have the ____________ genes.
FRATERNAL TWINS have ___________ genes.
Genetics
Page 10
Baby Mice
Genetics
Page 11
Should this Dog be called Spot?
A puppy has been born! This puppy has two loving parents who have each
passed on 4 genes, for 4 different traits, to the baby.
These are the genes that the Mother has passed on:
L
t
H
A
These are the genes that the Father has passed on:
l
t
H
a
Use the table below to figure out which letters represent which traits. From
that, figure out if the puppy should be called “Spot”:
Trait
Hair Length
Hair Texture
Hair Curliness
Coat Pattern
Dominant Gene
Short (L)
Rough (T)
Curly (H)
Spotted (A)
Recessive Gene
Long (l)
Silky (t)
Straight (h)
Solid (a)
1. LOOK at the line in the table labeled “Coat Pattern”. What letter is used for
Coat pattern? What is dominant – spotted or solid?
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. What letter (gene) does the puppy get from MOM for Coat pattern? ____
3. What letter (gene) does the puppy get from DAD for the Coat pattern? __.
4. Now, put the two letters together: ____________.
5. Will this letter combination show the Dominant or Recessive trait?
_________
6. Is the puppy’s coat spotted or solid? Why?
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
7. Now, LOOK at the line labeled, “Hair Length”. What letter is used? What is
dominant, short or long?
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. What gene (letter) does the puppy get from MOM for Hair Length? _____
8. What gene (letter) does the puppy get from DAD for the Hair Length? __.
9. Now, put the two letters together: ____________.
10.
Will this letter combination show the Dominant or Recessive trait?
____________________
11.
Is the puppy’s coat Short or Long? Why?
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
12.
Now, Look at the line labeled “Hair Curliness”. What is dominant, curly
hair or straight hair and why?
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
13.
What gene (letter) does the puppy get from MOM for Hair Curliness? __
14. What gene (letter) does the puppy get from DAD for the Hair Curliness?__
15.
Now, put the two letters together: ____________.
16.
Will this letter combination show the Dominant or Recessive trait?
_________________
17.
Is the puppy’s coat Curly or Straight? __________Why?
____________________
18.
Looking at the chart, what is the puppy’s hair texture? __________
19.
DRAW the puppy and give him a name:
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Page 13
CHALLENGE QUESTIONS:
1. Does the Mother dog have a spotted coat? Why or why not?
2. Does the father dog have a spotted coat? Why or why not?
3. What do the letters for a trait have to look like for the puppy to be a
hybrid?
4. For which traits is the puppy heterozygous or hybrid?
5. What do the letters for a trait have to look like for the puppy to be
purebred?
6. For which traits is the puppy homozygous or purebred?
7. Explain why you cannot completely describe the puppy’s parents even
though you can describe the puppy?
Genetics
Page 14
CHALLENGE 1 – PEDIGREE
Genetics
Page 15
EWORP Lab
Genotype for the Baby’s gender: _____________
Baby’s Gender: _______________
TRAIT
PATERNAL MATERNAL
HYBRID or
Gene
Gene
GENOTYPE PUREBRED? PHENOTYPE
1. Eye Style
2. Skull Shape
3. Lips
4. Arm Fur
5. Face fur
6. Leg fur
7. Torso fur
8. Ears
9. Neck size
10. Body shape
11. Belly button
12. # of fingers
13. Feet shape
14. Breathes fire
15. Warts
16. Fur Color
17. Eye Color
18. Hair?
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1. What makes Trait #16 (Fur Color) and Trait #17 (Eye Color) different
from the other traits? _______________________
2. Think about the eye color of all of the people you know… is there more
than just two eye colors? ________
3. Why do you think the EWORP used more than one set of coin flips for
these traits? ______________________
4. What color eyes did you want your EWORP baby to have? ___________
5. Now, look again at the directions for Trait #18 (Hair or No Hair). Why
do you think only the MOM got to flip the coin if it was a baby
boy?____________
Show this page to your teacher to get the paper for drawing your EWORP
baby!
Genetics
Page 17
Bill Nye “Genes”
Before Thoughts
1. Where in the body is DNA found?
After Thoughts
2. Why is DNA important? What does
it do for us?
3. What living things do not have
DNA?
4. Are genes short or long pieces of
DNA?
5. Are chromosomes short or long
pieces of DNA?
6. What is the shape of a strand of
DNA?
7. How many genes are in human
cells?
8. How many genes does a person
receive from his mom?
And some random extra questions:
1. What made Bill Nye stand out as a baby?_________________
2. How many pages are needed to print out the information from one
gene? ________________.
3. Because of a mutation in its DNA, what was different about the turtle Bill
Nye was holding? ________________
4. Write down one thing that you found odd or strange:
Genetics
Page 18
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes print out
Genetics
Page 19
Gregor Mendel
Refer to pages 80-85 of your textbook. Please answer all questions IN
COMPLETE SENTENCES.
1. Why was Gregor Mendel important?
2. What kind of plant did Mendel study and one reason why he chose that
plant?
3. What is “cross-fertilization” or “cross-pollination”
4. READ about Mendel’s experiments. He called what he saw “factors.” What
are factors called now? ______________________
5. Look at the chart on page 83. What are some things that made the pea
plants different from each other?
6. What surprised you to discover it was a TRAIT of peas?
7. Name one TRAIT of pea plants and list what was dominant and what was
recessive.
8. Read pg. 85 – What happened when Mendel presented his findings to other
scientists? Were they impressed?
9. Put the following discoveries on the timeline into the order in which they
were discovered (which one was discovered first? Which one last?):
DNA
First Discovered
Genetics
CELLS
CHROMOSOMES
GENES
Most Recent
Page 20
Page 73 on Gregor Mendel
Genetics
Page 21
Punnett Squares – front page (pg. 70 of Human Body book)
Genetics
Page 22
3. In eye color, the letter “b” is used. Brown is the dominant trait and blue is recessive.
Complete the Punnett Square to see if there could be any offspring with blue eyes.
Write the phenotype under each genotype.
B
B
What % have brown eyes? _______
What % have blue eyes? ________
b
b
4. Now, look at the Punnett Square below.
a. What is the genotype for the hybrid parent? ________________
b. What is the genotype for the purebred parent? ______________
5. Complete the Punnett Square to see if there are any blue-eyed offspring.
B
b
What % have brown eyes? _______
What % have blue eyes? ________
b
b
6. Why do Punnett squares allow you to predict how traits are passed from one
generation to the next? What do they show you?
Genetics
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REBOPS LAB
CONGRATULATION! You are now the proud parents of a pair of Rebops! You
now need to figure out what the chances are of a baby rebop having a certain
trait or traits.
1. List the GENOTYPE and PHNEOTYPE for the parent rebops:
Parent # _______
Genotype
Phenotype
Parent # ______
Genotype
Phenotype
2. Now, make a Punnett Square for EACH Trait. List the Phenotype under
each Genotype for each square:
a. ANTENNAE (Dominant= has antenna; Recessive = no antenna)
First parent genotype: _________ Second parent genotype:
_________
i. What % of the offspring have antennae? __________
ii. What % of the offspring do not have antennae? ________
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b. BODY SECTIONS (Dominant= 2 sections; Recessive = 3 sections)
First parent genotype: _________ Second parent genotype: _________
i. What % of the offspring have 2 sections? __________
ii. What % of the offspring have 3 sections? ________
c. NOSE COLOR (Co-Dominant Trait: QQ= Red, Qq=Orange, qq=yellow)
First parent genotype: _________ Second parent genotype: _________
i. What % of the offspring a red nose? __________
ii. What % of the offspring do have an orange nose? ________
iii. What % of the offspring have a yellow nose? __________
d. TAIL (Dominant= Curly tail; Recessive = straight tail)
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i. What % of the offspring are purebred dominant? _______
ii. What % of the offspring are purebred recessive? ________
iii. What % of the offspring are hybrid? ____________
e. EYES (Dominant= 2 eyes; Recessive = 3 eyes)
i. What % of the offspring are purebred dominant? _______
ii. What % of the offspring are purebred recessive? ________
iii. What % of the offspring are hybrid? ____________
f. LEGS (Dominant= Blue Legs; Recessive = Red Legs)
i. What % of the offspring have blue legs? __________
ii. What % of the offspring have red legs? ________
3. The genes for each of the rebop traits are located on six different
chromosomes. Each chromosome is a different length and a different
color.
4. At your lab table, draw ONE chromosome for EACH trait out the bag for
the first parent. Repeat for the second parent.
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5. Lay the genes out on the table and fill in the table for your baby rebop:
% of offspring which
potentially have this
Genotype GENOTYPE:
Phenotype
6. Now, DRAW your baby rebop and color it.
Genetics
Page 27
Page 77 on Probability and Genetics
Genetics
Page 28
Punnett Square Review #1 – Bikini Bottom Genetics 2
Genetics
Page 29
Punnett Square Review #1 page 2
Genetics
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Punnett Square review #2 – Bikini Bottom Incomplete Dominance
Genetics
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Punnett Square #2 – Bikini Bottom Incomplete Dominance #2
Genetics
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Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
** Answer ALL questions in complete sentences and in YOUR OWN WORDS.
From the MOVIE:
1. Why do living things need to reproduce and pass on their DNA?
2. Why do organisms that have Asexual Reproduction only need one
parent?
3. What does each parent provide in Sexual Reproduction?
4. Why is the replication, or copying, of DNA the most important part of
cell reproduction?
5. What are chromosomes made of?
6. Where are genes located?
7. Describe what happens during Anaphase:
8. What makes cancer cells different then regular cells?
9. What are the 2 types of sex cells in humans?
10. What cells do some plants make for reproduction?
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11. What % of regular cell chromosomes are there in a sex cell?
12. How many cells are made when making sex cells?
From your Textbook:
Read pg. 98-99:
Do sex cells have ALL or HALF of the chromosomes? (Circle one)
Pg. 100:
How many chromosomes do humans have in regular cells? _____________
How many chromosomes do humans have in egg or sperm cells? ______
COMPARE AND CONTRAST:
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
How is it different from
Sexual Reproduction?
Genetics
How is it different
from Asexual
Reproduction?
What is the
purpose of
reproduction?
Page 34
Group Interview: Genetics Review
Question
1
Student Names and Responses
2
3
4
What is Genetics
the study of?
Where is all of
your genetic
information found?
Which is larger,
genes or
chromosomes, and
why?
Do a Punnett
Square with 2
parents who are
both Dd for
Dimples
Who was Gregor
Mendel?
Describe a
difference between
the two ways
things reproduce.
Do you think
scientists should
be able to change
someone’s genes?
Why/why not?
Genetics
Page 35
Genetic Disorder Scavenger Hunt:
1.
LOOK at the genetic diseases on pg. 120-122.
2.
Which disorder is caused by having a recessive allele on an
X chromosome?
3.
What happens to people with that disorder?
4.
Which disorder is caused by having too many chromosomes?
5.
What happens to people with that disorder?
6.
Knowing what you know now…
True/False: AIDS is a genetic disorder ?
Genetics
Page 36
GENETICS BOOK
Self-Assessment
1. When completing this book, I:
a. ALWAYS did everything on time
b. MOSTLY did everything on time
c. Did NOTHING on time
2. I think that my work reflects:
a. A LOT of effort on my part
b. SOME effort on my part
c. NO EFFORT on my part
d. I Tried but I often got confused and did not finish it.
3. When doing the assignments I:
a. Always tried the challenge activities
b. Ran out of time before I could try the challenge activities
c. Sometimes tried the challenge activities
4. LOOK back at the objectives and the VOCABULARY.
5. What is one objective you think you are really good at now?
6. What vocabulary words do you now know really well?
7. What vocabulary words do you still have trouble with?
8. What is something you are most proud of learning during this unit?
Genetics
Page 37