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Transcript
Chemistry 1 CP Concept 4 Nuclear Chemistry Study Guide Name ___________________________ Block __________ 1. To use radioactive dating for a substance, you must know the substance’s __________ 2. What is nuclear radiation? _______________________________________________ Nuclear reaction __________________________________________________________ Radioactive decay ________________________________________________________ 3. What does the 235 in uranium-235 mean? ___________________________________ What do the numbers represent in 4 He? _______________________________________ 2 4. Balance the following the equation: 233 U 229 Th + ______ 92 90 7 Li + ____ 4 He + 4 He 3 2 2 239 Np ____ + 0 e 93 -1 238 U + ____ 239 U 92 92 5. What are beta particles __________________________________________________ Gamma rays ____________________________________________________________ Alpha particles ___________________________________________________________ 6. Which process always decreases the number of protons by an even number? ________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. Scientists are investigating the possibility of containing fusion reactions within _____ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is the decay series? ________________________________________________ 9. Which waves of energy travel fastest? ______________________________________ 10. All radioactive nuclides undergo _________________________ 11. What device uses controlled nuclear fission to produce new radioactive substances and energy? _______________________________________ 12. Among atoms with low atomic numbers, what is the neutron-proton ratio of the most stable nuclei? ___________________ 13. What is a magic number? _______________________________________________ 14. What is half life? ______________________________________________________ 15. What nuclides are produced when a nuclide decays? __________________________ 16. List the forms of radiation in order of increasing penetrating power: _____________ 17. What is a parent nuclide? Give an example _________________________________ 18. How many half lives are required for ¼ of the nuclei of one isotope in a sample to decay? _______________, for ½ _________________, for ¾ _________________ 19. Which radioactive decay process does not reduce the atomic number of a nuclide? ____________________________ 20. What is the half-life of an isotope if 100 g of an 800 g sample of the isotope remain after 6 years? ____________________________ 21. Draw and label a fission reaction and a fusion reaction 22. Explain what the energy as heat produced by a nuclear power plant is used to ______ _______________________________________________________________________ 23. In nuclear chemistry, an atom is referred to as a(n) ___________________________ 24. Which particle has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge and is sometimes emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay? _____________________ 24. List the symbols used for each type of radioactive nuclide emission. 25. What is fusion _______________________________________________________, Fission ______________________________________________________________ and Transmutation ___________________________________________________________ 26. Proton attraction inside the nucleus due to ________________________________ is greater than repulsion due to electrostatic force. 27. If a particle that starts a nuclear reaction is also a product the process is a _________ 28. What is the reason for decay of naturally radioactive elements? _________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 29. What are radioactive tracers used for? _____________________________________ 30. Which process fusion or fission produces nuclei of lower mass than the reactants? 31. What does the mass defect of a nuclide represent? ____________________________ 32. What is used to identify a nuclide? _____________________________________ 33. What is the heaviest nuclide of a decay series? ______________________________ 34. At present, ______________ reactions cannot be used to produce energy in reactors. 35. Elements with _______________________ atomic masses have the greatest binding energies per nucleon and are therefore most stable. 36. A decay series ends with ________________________________________________