Download Chemistry 1 CP Concept 4 Nuclear Chemistry Study Guide

Chemistry 1 CP Concept 4 Nuclear Chemistry Study Guide
Name ___________________________
Block __________
1. To use radioactive dating for a substance, you must know the substance’s __________
2. What is nuclear radiation? _______________________________________________
Nuclear reaction __________________________________________________________
Radioactive decay ________________________________________________________
3. What does the 235 in uranium-235 mean? ___________________________________
What do the numbers represent in 4 He? _______________________________________
2
4. Balance the following the equation:
233 U 229 Th + ______
92
90
7 Li + ____  4 He + 4 He
3
2
2
239 Np  ____ + 0 e
93
-1
238 U + ____ 239 U
92
92
5. What are beta particles __________________________________________________
Gamma rays ____________________________________________________________
Alpha particles ___________________________________________________________
6. Which process always decreases the number of protons by an even number? ________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Scientists are investigating the possibility of containing fusion reactions within _____
________________________________________________________________________
8. What is the decay series? ________________________________________________
9. Which waves of energy travel fastest? ______________________________________
10. All radioactive nuclides undergo _________________________
11. What device uses controlled nuclear fission to produce new radioactive substances
and energy? _______________________________________
12. Among atoms with low atomic numbers, what is the neutron-proton ratio of the most
stable nuclei? ___________________
13. What is a magic number? _______________________________________________
14. What is half life? ______________________________________________________
15. What nuclides are produced when a nuclide decays? __________________________
16. List the forms of radiation in order of increasing penetrating power: _____________
17. What is a parent nuclide? Give an example _________________________________
18. How many half lives are required for ¼ of the nuclei of one isotope in a sample to
decay? _______________, for ½ _________________, for ¾ _________________
19. Which radioactive decay process does not reduce the atomic number of a nuclide?
____________________________
20. What is the half-life of an isotope if 100 g of an 800 g sample of the isotope remain
after 6 years? ____________________________
21. Draw and label a fission reaction and a fusion reaction
22. Explain what the energy as heat produced by a nuclear power plant is used to ______
_______________________________________________________________________
23. In nuclear chemistry, an atom is referred to as a(n) ___________________________
24. Which particle has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge and is
sometimes emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay? _____________________
24. List the symbols used for each type of radioactive nuclide emission.
25. What is fusion _______________________________________________________,
Fission ______________________________________________________________ and
Transmutation ___________________________________________________________
26. Proton attraction inside the nucleus due to ________________________________ is
greater than repulsion due to electrostatic force.
27. If a particle that starts a nuclear reaction is also a product the process is a _________
28. What is the reason for decay of naturally radioactive elements? _________________
________________________________________________________________________
29. What are radioactive tracers used for? _____________________________________
30. Which process fusion or fission produces nuclei of lower mass than the reactants?
31. What does the mass defect of a nuclide represent? ____________________________
32. What is used to identify a nuclide? _____________________________________
33. What is the heaviest nuclide of a decay series? ______________________________
34. At present, ______________ reactions cannot be used to produce energy in reactors.
35. Elements with _______________________ atomic masses have the greatest binding
energies per nucleon and are therefore most stable.
36. A decay series ends with ________________________________________________