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Biology 1—ECA Final Exam The Biology I Assessment covers questions in 6 general categories; about which we learned over the course of the year. This will count 2 ways: as your Marian 2 nd semester Biology final (10% of your semester grade) and also towards a State grade which will be reported to Marian and affects Marian’s standing in the State of Indiana. I do not know what the test will be like this year; I can only base the review on the types of questions that have been asked on previous ECA Biology 1 tests. Be prepared and use the review below based upon the 6 categories. 1. Characteristics of Living Things. Examples such as homeostasis, metabolism, Purpose p. 31 #2, 3 2. Macromolecules Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids Purposes and example of each and any other special characteristics Enzymes: what do they do? Lock and Key hypothesis; things which affect the function of enzymes (ex. temp, pH) p. 59 #3, 6-9 complete the following table in your study notes Type of macromolecule 3. Example Monomer(s) are Purpose/what it does/what it is used for Where it is found in an organism, etc Cell Structure/Function Organelle identification and function; be able to identify off of diagrams Characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and plants vs animal cells Transport across the plasma membrane (osmosis, diffusion, active transport, etc) Cell cycle; cancer Mitosis vs. meiosis (similarities, differences, purposes) p. 223 #1-11 p. 303 #1, 2, 4, 5, 11 Match the organelle to its function, circle the names of organelles that are found only in plants: 1. ____ rough endoplasmic reticulum 2. ____ nucleus 3. ____ chloroplast 4. ____ nucleolus 5. ____ Golgi apparatus 6. ____ mitochondria 7. ____ cell wall 8. ____ ribosomes 9. ____ vacuole 10. ____ lysosomes a) site of chemical reactions b) ribosomes are made here c) the powerhouses of the cell d) digests worn out cell parts etc e) site of protein synthesis (production) f) temporary storage area g) storage of chlorophyll; give green plants their color h) protective layer found outside the plasma membrane in plants i) the “packaging and distribution” center j) the “brain” of the cell Complete the following table comparing meiosis and mitosis on a separate piece of paper. Mitosis # divisions # cells produced Starting chromosome # / ending chromosome # (use approp vocab) Where it occurs Importance/Purpose Meiosis 4. Genetics Mendel’s “laws” (segregation, independent assortment, etc) Predict the outcome of one and two factor (monohybrid and dihybrid) crosses using Punnett Squares. DNA replication, transcription and translation Sources of genetic variety and mutation Difference between having one allele for a disease vs. the disease itself. p. 355 #1, 3, 7 p. 359 #1, 3, 5 p. 389 #1-4, 7, 8 p. 415 #3, 8, 9 In dogs, wire hair (S) is dominant to smooth (s). In a cross of a homozygous wire-haired dog with a smooth-haired dog, what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation? In the breeding season, male Anole lizards court females by bobbing their heads up and down while displaying a colorful throat patch. Assume for this question that both males and females bob their heads and have throat patches. Assume also, that both traits are controlled by single locus genes on separate chromosomes. Now, suppose that anoles prefer to mate with lizards who bob their heads fast (F) and have red throat patches (R) and that these two alleles are dominant to their counterparts, slow bobbing and yellow throats. A male lizard heterozygous for head bobbing and homozygous dominant for the red throat patch mates with a female that is also heterozygous for head bobbing but is homozygous recessive for yellow throat patches. How many of the F1 offspring have the preferred fast bobbing / red throat phenotype? For the strand of DNA below: a) replicate the strand b) transcribe it into mRNA c) translate it into amino acids (which would eventually become protein): TACGGTCCAATT 5. Evolution Theory of natural selection Importance of variation within a species; sources of variation Relationship between evolution and species diversity DNA and common ancestry 3 types of reproductive isolation Process of speciation Evolution after disasters (bottleneck effect, etc) Types of evolution (convergent, divergent, punctuated equilibrium, gradualism—see Chap 18) What cladograms can show us Mendel’s impact on evolution—what Darwin never knew (remember the video) p. 479 #5-12 p. 507 #1, 3-5, 8, 9 p. 535 #8, 9 6. Ecology importance of ecological biodiversity species relationships in a biome (food chains/webs, symbiosis, etc) effects of introduced/non-native species and human disturbances on ecosystems ecological succession populations (types of growth, carrying capacity, etc) p. 93 #2-7 p. 127 #2-4, 10 p. 151 #3, 5, 10 p. 185 #8, 9