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Biology 1—ECA Final Exam
The Biology I Assessment covers questions in 6 general categories; about which we learned over the course of the
year. This will count 2 ways: as your Marian 2 nd semester Biology final (10% of your semester grade) and also
towards a State grade which will be reported to Marian and affects Marian’s standing in the State of Indiana. I do
not know what the test will be like this year; I can only base the review on the types of questions that have been
asked on previous ECA Biology 1 tests. Be prepared and use the review below based upon the 6 categories.
1.
Characteristics of Living Things.
 Examples such as homeostasis, metabolism,
 Purpose
 p. 31 #2, 3
2.
Macromolecules
 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
 Purposes and example of each and any other special characteristics
 Enzymes: what do they do? Lock and Key hypothesis; things which affect the function of enzymes
(ex. temp, pH)
 p. 59 #3, 6-9
 complete the following table in your study notes
Type of
macromolecule
3.
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Example
Monomer(s) are
Purpose/what it
does/what it is
used for
Where it is found in
an organism, etc
Cell Structure/Function
Organelle identification and function; be able to identify off of diagrams
Characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and plants vs animal cells
Transport across the plasma membrane (osmosis, diffusion, active transport, etc)
Cell cycle; cancer
Mitosis vs. meiosis (similarities, differences, purposes)
p. 223 #1-11
p. 303 #1, 2, 4, 5, 11
Match the organelle to its function, circle the names of organelles that are found only in plants:
1. ____ rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. ____ nucleus
3. ____ chloroplast
4. ____ nucleolus
5. ____ Golgi apparatus
6. ____ mitochondria
7. ____ cell wall
8. ____ ribosomes
9. ____ vacuole
10. ____ lysosomes
a) site of chemical reactions
b) ribosomes are made here
c) the powerhouses of the cell
d) digests worn out cell parts etc
e) site of protein synthesis (production)
f) temporary storage area
g) storage of chlorophyll; give green plants their color
h) protective layer found outside the plasma membrane in plants
i) the “packaging and distribution” center
j) the “brain” of the cell
Complete the following table comparing meiosis and mitosis on a separate piece of paper.
Mitosis
# divisions
# cells produced
Starting chromosome # / ending
chromosome # (use approp vocab)
Where it occurs
Importance/Purpose
Meiosis
4.
Genetics
 Mendel’s “laws” (segregation, independent assortment, etc)
 Predict the outcome of one and two factor (monohybrid and dihybrid) crosses using Punnett Squares.
 DNA replication, transcription and translation
 Sources of genetic variety and mutation
 Difference between having one allele for a disease vs. the disease itself.
 p. 355 #1, 3, 7
 p. 359 #1, 3, 5
 p. 389 #1-4, 7, 8
 p. 415 #3, 8, 9
 In dogs, wire hair (S) is dominant to smooth (s). In a cross of a homozygous wire-haired dog with a
smooth-haired dog, what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation?
 In the breeding season, male Anole lizards court females by bobbing their heads up and down while
displaying a colorful throat patch. Assume for this question that both males and females bob their
heads and have throat patches. Assume also, that both traits are controlled by single locus genes on
separate chromosomes. Now, suppose that anoles prefer to mate with lizards who bob their heads fast
(F) and have red throat patches (R) and that these two alleles are dominant to their counterparts, slow
bobbing and yellow throats. A male lizard heterozygous for head bobbing and homozygous dominant
for the red throat patch mates with a female that is also heterozygous for head bobbing but is
homozygous recessive for yellow throat patches. How many of the F1 offspring have the preferred fast
bobbing / red throat phenotype?
 For the strand of DNA below: a) replicate the strand
b) transcribe it into mRNA
c) translate it into amino acids (which would eventually become protein):
TACGGTCCAATT
5.
Evolution
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Theory of natural selection
Importance of variation within a species; sources of variation
Relationship between evolution and species diversity
DNA and common ancestry
3 types of reproductive isolation
Process of speciation
Evolution after disasters (bottleneck effect, etc)
Types of evolution (convergent, divergent, punctuated equilibrium, gradualism—see Chap 18)
What cladograms can show us
Mendel’s impact on evolution—what Darwin never knew (remember the video)
p. 479 #5-12
p. 507 #1, 3-5, 8, 9
p. 535 #8, 9
6. Ecology
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importance of ecological biodiversity
species relationships in a biome (food chains/webs, symbiosis, etc)
effects of introduced/non-native species and human disturbances on ecosystems
ecological succession
populations (types of growth, carrying capacity, etc)
p. 93 #2-7
p. 127 #2-4, 10
p. 151 #3, 5, 10
p. 185 #8, 9