Download Social Psychology

Social Psychology
1. Marilyn judges her professor’s strict class attendance policy to be an indication of
his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number
of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best
illustrates:
a. the mere exposure effect.
c. deindividuation.
b. group polarization.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
2. Bart complied with his friends’ request to join them in smashing decorative
pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own
failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart’s
experience best illustrates the:
a. bystander effect.
b. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
c. fundamental attribution error.
d. frustration-aggression principle.
3. Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of:
a. groupthink on social conflict.
b. deindividuation on the bystander effect.
c. team membership on social loafing.
d. role-playing on attitude change.
4. In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future
bride’s family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of:
a. social facilitation.
b. normative social influence.
c. mirror-image perceptions.
d. the mere exposure effect.
5. The level of obedience in the Milgram experiments was highest when the “teacher”
was ________ the experimenter and ________ the “learner.”
a. close to; close to
b. far from; far from
c. close to; far from
d. far from; close t
6. Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons
happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates:
a. the bystander effect.
c. social facilitation.
b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
d. group polarization.
7. When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues,
their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates:
a. group polarization.
c. social facilitation.
b. the bystander effect.
d. deindividuation.
8. Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their
own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other
parties. Their beliefs best illustrate:
a. the social responsibility norm.
c. deindividuation.
b. the just-world phenomenon.
d. ingroup bias.
9. When visiting the Bergin-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II,
one German civilian was said to have remarked, “What terrible criminals these
prisoners must have been to receive such treatment.” This reaction is best explained
in terms of:
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the just-world phenomenon.
c. the social responsibility norm.
d. deindividuation.
10. After extensive exposure to X-rated sexual films, men are subsequently
________ accepting of women’s sexual submission to men and _______ likely to
perceive a woman’s friendliness as sexual interest.
a. more; less
c. more; more
b. less; more
d. less; less
11. Max fails to recycle his glass, metal, and plastic garbage because he thinks it’s
personally inconvenient and likely to have minimal impact on the city’s already
overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of:
a. the mere exposure effect.
c. a social trap.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
d. social facilitation.
12. When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because
they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of:
a. social traps.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. mirror-image perceptions.
d. deindividuation.
13. Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening
event can facilitate passionate love?
a. social exchange theory
c. the two-factor theory
b. cognitive dissonance theory
d. equity theory
14. Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30
yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however,
because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help
if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in:
a. the fundamental attribution error.
c. the bystander effect.
b. group polarization.
d. the mere exposure effect.
15. The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were
dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that
they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of:
a. groupthink.
b. superordinate goals.
c. deindividuation.
d. the bystander effect.
16. The fundamental attribution error involves:
a. becoming more extreme in one’s individual opinions following group
discussion.
b. performing a complex task more poorly when in the presence of others.
c. underestimating situational constraints on another’s behavior.
d. losing self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity.
17. Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student
despite his having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he
subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student’s
abilities?
a. cognitive dissonance theory
c. two-factor theory
b. social exchange theory
d. equity theory
18. Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face
or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best
illustrated:
a. the mere exposure effect.
c. social loafing.
b. the chameleon effect.
d. the bystander effect.
19. Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be least likely
when:
a. participants announce their own answers only after the other group members
have done so.
b. participants are not observed by other group members when giving their
answers.
c. it is very difficult for anyone to make correct perceptual judgments.
d. judgments are made in a group that has more than three people.
20. In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as
hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought:
a. three others were pulling with them.
b. three others were pulling against them.
c. no others were pulling with them.
d. no one was monitoring how hard they pulled.
21. Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd
she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda’s
unusual behavior is best understood in terms of:
a. the bystander effect.
c. deindividuation.
b. social facilitation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
22. Groupthink is fueled by a desire for:
a. self-disclosure.
b. harmony.
c. passionate love.
d. cognitive dissonance.
23. Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are
economically frustrated offers support for:
a. cognitive dissonance theory.
c. the scapegoat theory.
b. social exchange theory.
d. attribution theory.
24. Shortly after Alex learned that he had failed to make the high school football
team, he vandalized the team’s locker room and broke several classroom windows.
His behavior is best explained in terms of:
a. group polarization.
c. social loafing.
b. the mere exposure effect.
d. the frustration-aggression principle.
25. Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own
military forces, each sees the other country’s actions as unreasonable and motivated
by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates:
a. deindividuation.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. the just-world phenomenon.
d. mirror-image perceptions.
26. When asked how much they like various letters of the alphabet, people tend to
prefer those that happen to be found in their own names. This best illustrates the
impact of:
a. social facilitation.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. the fundamental attribution error.
d. the foot-in-the door phenomenon.
27. People’s physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their:
a. happiness.
b. academic competence.
c. frequency of dating.
d. altruism.
28. Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her
husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion
to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of:
a. equity.
b. deindividuation.
c. social facilitation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
29. The neighbors’ failure to call the police in time to save the life of Kitty Genovese best
illustrated:
a. group polarization.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. the just-world phenomenon.
d. the bystander effect.
30. After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the
cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even
though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the
significance of:
a. social facilitation.
c. the bystander effect.
b. the reciprocity norm.
d. the just-world phenomenon.