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Chapter 6. Proteins
1. What are proteins and how do we use them?
2. Structure of proteins
a. Amino acids
b. Protein folding into 3-D shape
c. Denaturing a protein
3. Some amino acids are essential (9/20)
4. Digestion and absorption
5. How much protein do you need
a. AMDR, RDA
b. Nitrogen balance
6. Rating protein quality
7. Too much or too little protein
8. Vegetarian diet and protein
Chapter Review questions for Chapter 6 (proteins)
1. List 5 specific uses of protein in the body.
(For example: the body’s muscle tissues contain contractile proteins that allow them to
contract.)
2. What is the basic building block of a protein? Make a labeled sketch of such a building block –
include carboxyl group, amine group and R group.
3. The bonds between the protein’s building blocks have a specific name – what is it?
4. A simple chain of these building blocks is not a completely functional protein. What has to
happen to the chain to make a functional protein?
5. What does the term denaturation mean? What can cause a protein to denature? During
what body process do we regularly denature proteins?
6. What is meant by the term “essential amino acid”? How many amino acids are essential?
What are their names? (You won’t have to know these for exam)
7. What are some of the ways a protein is rated? (Describe at least 2 – tell what they are
measuring)
8. How much protein do you need according to the AMDR guidelines? Provide answer in both
grams and kilocalories.
9. How much do you need according to the 0.8 g/kg body weight guideline? If you are a very
active athlete and/or body builder, you may need 50 -100% more than this (1.2 g/kg – 1.6 g/kg)
and you can report this number if it applies.
10. Read p 232 – 235 (2nd edition) or 238-240 (3rd edition) in textbook (Vegetarian Diets). How
much lower is the incidence of heart disease for people eating a vegetarian diet? ________
Name 3 dietary components might be low or missing from a vegetarian diet, and describe the
associated risks, and/or remedies. (Second edition describes risks and remedies, third edition ,
only remedies)
11. Read pp 238-240 (2nd edition) or 233-234 (3rd edition) in your text (Are Protein Supplements
Necessary?) How much protein per serving is typical for protein powders? Assuming a
suggested 3 servings per day, how much protein is that compared to your needs (from
questions 8 and 9 above)? What does the text say about amino acid supplementation?