Download Name

Science Midterms- Tuesday, June 5 (9:45 – 11:15)
Name __________________________________
Biology Final ~ Topical Review Guide
DNA Unit (Ch 11)
Key terms
RNA and DNA
scientists: Avery, Griffith, Franklin,
Watson, Crick
DNA replication
protein synthesis (transcription &
translation)
thymine, guanine, adenine, cytosine, uracil
pyrimidines and purines
ribose and deoxyribose
codon
anticodon
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Topic/Concepts
o Three parts that make up a nucleotide &
difference between RNA & DNA nucleotide
p226-231
o Describe the structure and components of
the DNA molecule. p226-231
o Describe the experiments that led to the
discovery of the DNA molecule.p226-228
o Describe the events of DNA Replication.
p233-234
o Describe three differences between the
DNA molecule and the RNA molecule.p236
o Describe the events of replication.p233234
o Describe the events of transcription.p238
o Describe the events of translation. P239240
o Compare a codon with an anticodon.p239
o Describe the process of protein
synthesis.p235-241
1
Science Midterms- Tuesday, June 5 (9:45 – 11:15)
Genetics Unit (Ch 10 & 12)
Key terms
heredity
allele
dominant vs. recessive alleles
genotype & phenotype
homozygous vs. heterozygous
autosomes
sex chromosomes
mutation
nondisjunction
duplication
pedigree
Punnett square
sex-linked trait
carrier
Biotech Unit (Ch 13)
Key terms
genetic marker
restriction enzyme
gel electrophoresis
DNA fingerprint
PCR
recombinant DNA
clone
stem cell
plasmid
gene
Human Genome Project
GMO (genetically modified organism)
Topics/Concepts
o Mendel’s laws p206-213
o Determine genotypes and phenotypes p211
o Complete Punnett squares and determine
ratios of the offspring p210
o Patterns of inheritance: intermediate
inheritance/incomplete dominance,
codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic,
sex-linked traits.p215-221
o Blood typing genotypes & phenotypes Notes
o Interpret pedigrees.p255-259
o Human genetic disorders (ex Down
Syndrome)p250-253
Topics/Concepts
o How do scientists manipulate DNA to make
products useful for humans?p266-272
o How do scientists engineer animals and
plants to give them new traits?p274-277
o How can biotechnology improve our
lives?p268-270
o Know the process of how to genetically
modify an organism. P270-271
o Know the process of how to clone an
organism.p271
o Purpose of the human genome project.
Notes
o What is DNA fingerprinting & its
purpose?p278-280
o
Know electrophoresis technology and
PCR p278-280(polymerase chain reactions)
2
Science Midterms- Tuesday, June 5 (9:45 – 11:15)
Evolution Unit (Ch 14 & 15)
Key terms
natural selection
artificial selection
fossils & fossil record
vestigial selection
fitness
adaptive radiation
gene pool
taxonomy
Topics/Concepts
o Know the scientists involved with Evolution
and their contribution to the theory of
Evolution. P292-298
o What 5 pieces of evidence suggests
occurrences of evolution in organisms? 299304
o Early idea of age of Earth & what life was
like here p295
o Darwin’s theory of evolution: Descent with
Modification p297-298
o Islands where Darwin studied p294 and
Notes
o How do we know changes in geological time
scale? p299
o Taxonomic order (K, P, C, O, F, G, S) p341
Ecology Unit
Key vocabulary
Biosphere
Biome
Abiotic factors
Limiting factors
Density dependent factors
Density independent factors
Niche
Ecological succession
Carrying capacity
Trophic levels
Primary producer > primary consumer >
secondary consumer > tertiary consumer
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Decomposer
Topic/Concepts
o Levels of ecological study p744
o Examples of density dependent factors and
density independent factors p772
o Types of symbiotic relationships p780
o Energy flow p789
o Analyze food chains and food webs p791
o Types of population growth p770
o Biogeochemical cycles p796-801
Essay: Evaluate a food web p790
>explain relationship between organisms
>form a hypothesis
>design an experiment
>identify controls & variables
3
Science Midterms- Tuesday, June 5 (9:45 – 11:15)
Practice Genetics Writing Prompt: ch 10
A zoo wants to produce a flock of long neck birds. The zoo
geneticist knows that the long neck allele (N) is dominant over the
short neck recessive allele (n). The zoo borrows a homozygous long
neck bird (N) from another zoo. When they breed this bird with
four of their short neck birds, all of the offspring have a long neck.
The zoo is very happy with the long neck offspring and returns the
borrowed bird. They now plan to breed the offspring and produce
an entire herd of long neck birds.
Will the farmer successfully produce an entire herd of long neck birds?
In your response include:
 a Punnett Square showing the cross between the borrowed homozygous long neck
bird and the short neck birds.
 a second Punnett Square showing a cross between the offspring.
 an explanation of whether the zoo geneticist will be able to produce an entire herd
of long neck birds
 a comparison of the offspring genotype to their parents genotypes.
P1 Generation
F1 Generation
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4