Download BI 200 - Exam #2

BI 200 - Exam #2A
Spring 2003
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., Multiple
Choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have
merit, you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple Choice – 2 points each
1. The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with
A) cell wall fluidity.
B) cell membrane structures.
C) taxic movements of the cell.
D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
2. Which statement is true?
A) Lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous
flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
B) Peritrichous flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are
tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells;
peritrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are
individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
3. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion.
C) Pili serve as receptors and seem to be involved in bacterial conjugation.
D) All of the above.
4. Glycogen granules
A) are derived directly from either PHB or BHA.
B) cannot be detected by light microscopy, even if iodine is added.
C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy.
D) none of the above.
5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is
A) to provide buoyancy for the organism.
B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D) none of the above
BI 200 - Exam #2B
Spring 2003
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., Multiple
Choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have
merit, you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple Choice – 2 points each
1. The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with
A) cell wall fluidity.
B) cell membrane structures.
C) taxic movements of the cell.
D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
2. Which statement is true?
A) Lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous
flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
B) Peritrichous flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are
tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells;
peritrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are
individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
3. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion.
C) Pili serve as receptors and seem to be involved in bacterial conjugation.
D) All of the above.
4. Glycogen granules
A) are derived directly from either PHB or BHA.
B) cannot be detected by light microscopy, even if iodine is added.
C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy.
D) none of the above.
5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is
A) to provide buoyancy for the organism.
B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D) none of the above
6. The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of
A) various phospholipids.
B) protein.
C) carbohydrate.
D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids.
7. Endospores are
A) bacterial reproductive structures.
B) able to withstand extreme environmental assaults.
C) metabolically active
D) all of the above
8. Biochemical synthesis of new cell material is called
A) metabolism .
B) anabolism.
C) catabolism.
D) synthatabolism.
9. Chemolithotrophs use which of the following as an energy source?
A) organic compounds
B) inorganic compounds
C) both organic and inorganic compounds
D) either organic or inorganic compounds, depending on the environment.
10. Which statement is true?
A) Coenzymes are generally bound tightly to their respective enzymes.
B) Prosthetic groups are generally bound tightly to their respective enzymes.
C) Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are both bound tightly to their respective
enzymes.
D) Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are technically not bound to any enzymes.
11. The most important high energy phosphate compound in living organisms is
A) glucose.
B) GTP.
C) RNA.
D) ATP.
12. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 4.
D) 8.
13. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is
A) hydrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) water.
D) ATP.
14. In chemiosmosis
A) OH- accumulates on the outside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the
inside.
B) OH accumulates on the inside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the
outside.
C) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the inside of the membrane.
D) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the outside of the membrane.
15. As each molecule of pyruvate traverses the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of
CO2 are generated?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
16. The enzyme ammonia monooxygenase is most specifically associated with
A) nitrification.
B) denitrification.
C) nitrogen fixation
D) assimilatory nitrate reduction
17. The first step of dissimilative nitrate reduction involves
A) nitrate reductase.
B) nitrite reductase.
C) nitrate oxidase.
D) nitrite oxidase.
18. Methanogens are
A) strict aerobes.
B) strict anaerobes.
C) facultative aerobes.
D) facultative anaerobes.
19. Which are not visible under a light microscope?
A) bacterial flagella
B) eukaryotic cilia
C) eukaryotic flagella
D) none of the above, all are >200 nm in diameter
20. Bacterial flagella move in a manner that resembles _____________ and their energy
source is _____________
A) oars; the proton gradient
B) whips; ATP
C) pseudopods; ATP
D) propellers; the proton gradient
21. NADH is the most important _________ carrying molecule in the cell, while
_______ is the most important energy high energy phosphate compound in living
organisms
a. carbon ; CoA
b. electron ; ATP
c. energy; glucose
d. none of the above is correct
22. The oxidation of the six carbon atoms in glucose, C6H12O6, to 6 CO2 involves the
transfer of _____ electrons to 6 O2.
a. 0
b. 6
c. 12
d. 24
23. Which of the following is not a high-energy intermediate of glycolysis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
phophoenolpyruvate
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
succinyl-CoA
all of the above – none occur in glycolysis
a, b,c – none are high energy intermediates
24. During aerobic respiration oxygen is consumed during
a. glycolysis
b. the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c. electron transport phosphorylation – electron transport chain plus ATPase
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
25. During aerobic respiration most of the ATP is produced during
a. glycolysis
b. the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c. electron transport phosphorylation – electron transport chain plus ATPase
d. none of the above – it is produced equally
e. none of the above – no ATP is produced
26. Which of the following would not be involved with electron transport
phosphorylation?
a. a membrane
b. ATPase
c. phosphoenolpyruvate
d. cytochrome
e. an external electron acceptor
Couple
H+/H2
NAD+/NADH
C2H4O2/CO2
CO2/ CH4
Fe3+/Fe2+
O2/H2O
Midpoint Potential
-0.41
-0.32
-0.29
-0.24
+0.77
+0.82
(1 point) Which couple is written incorrectly (that is the reduced member of the pair
written first)?
(2 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction:
Pyruvate + NADH  Lactate + NAD+
Indicate the substrates, the products, the change in energy, and the activation energy.
(1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the amount of activation energy
required in that particular reaction?
(2 points) Given the formula for lactic acid (C3H6O3) and pyruvate (C3H4O3), what is the
average charge on the carbon atoms in each molecule?
(2 points) H2 and CH4 are excellent fuels. Which would give more energy to support the
growth of aerobic bacteria? Why?
Couple
H+/H2
NAD+/NADH
C2H4O2/CO2
CO2/ CH4
Fe3+/Fe2+
O2/H2O
Midpoint Potential
-0.41
-0.32
-0.29
-0.24
+0.77
+0.82
(1 point) Which couple is written incorrectly (that is the reduced member of the pair
written first)?
(2 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction:
Acetaldehyde + NADH  ethanol + NAD+
Indicate the substrates, the products, the change in energy, and the activation energy.
(1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the amount of activation energy
required in that particular reaction?
(2 points) Given the formula for acetaldehyde (C2H4O) and ethanol (C2H6O), what is the
average charge on the carbon atoms in each molecule?
(1 point) H2 and CH4 are excellent fuels. Which would give more energy to support the
growth of aerobic bacteria? Why?
Place a genus name in the blank space
provided that matches the clue or
description given (2 points each). There
may be more than one correct answer,
but put only one answer (no multiple
guesses).
A. _____________________. Any
anaerobic respiratory bacterium
B. _____________________. Any
lithotroph.
C. _____________________. Carries
out homolactic acid fermentation.
D. _____________________.
Responsible for denitrification.
E. _____________________. Any
archaea.
F. _____________________. A sulfur
oxidizing bacterium.
G. _____________________. Uses
hydrogen gas as fuel.
H. _____________________. An ironreducing bacterium.
I. _____________________. An
obligate anaerobe.
J. _____________________. The only
eukaryote listed
K. _____________________. Used to
prepare tequila.
L. _____________________. An
obligate aerobe.
M. _____________________. Oxidizes
Fe2+ at neutral pH.
N. _____________________. Uses the
enzyme Ammonium Monooxygenase
(AMO).
O. _____________________. Causes
acid mine drainage
Alcaligenes
Aquifex
Beggiatoa
Desulfovibrio
Escherichia
Gallionella
Geobacter
Hydrogenobacter
Lactobacillus
Lactococcus
Methanosarcina
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Saccharomyces
Shewanella
Streptococcus
Sulfolobus
Thiobacillus
Zymomonas
Place a genus name in the blank space
provided that matches the clue or
description given (2 points each). There
may be more than one correct answer,
but put only one answer (no multiple
guesses).
N. _____________________. Uses the
enzyme Nitrate Oxidase (NO).
A. _____________________. Any
lithotroph.
Alcaligenes
Aquifex
Beggiatoa
Desulfovibrio
Escherichia
Gallionella
Geobacter
Hydrogenobacter
Lactobacillus
Lactococcus
Methanosarcina
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Saccharomyces
Shewanella
Streptococcus
Sulfolobus
Thiobacillus
Zymomonas
B. _____________________. Any
anaerobic respiratory bacterium
C. _____________________. Carries
out ethanologenic fermentation.
D. _____________________.
Responsible for nitrification.
E. _____________________. Any
archaea.
F. _____________________. A sulfur
or sulfate-reducing bacterium.
G. _____________________. An
obligate aerobe.
H. _____________________. An ironreducing bacterium.
I. _____________________. Uses
hydrogen gas as fuel.
J. _____________________. Reduces
nitrate to nitrite
K. _____________________. Used to
produce cheese and yogurt.
L. _____________________. The only
eukaryote listed
M. _____________________. Oxidizes
Fe2+ at low pH.
O. _____________________. An
obligate anaerobe.
Match the prokaryotic cell feature with the type of organism in (or on) which it might be
found. (1 point each)
_____ Sulfur granule
A. A Sulfur-oxidizing lithotroph like Beggiatoa
_____ Endospore
B. A microaerophile such as Aquaspirillum
_____ Magnetosome
C. A CO2-fixing autotrophic bacterium
_____ Capsule
D. Enterotoxic E. coli attaching to the small intestine
_____ S-Layer
E. Bacillus or Clostridium
_____ Gas vesicle
F. A cyanobacterium like Anabena
_____ Fimbriae
G. An Archaea with no pseudomurein
_____ Carboxysome
H. Streptococcus mutans causing tooth decay
Match the prokaryotic cell feature with the type of organism in (or on) which it might be
found. (1 point each)
_____ Sulfur granule
A. Streptococcus mutans causing tooth decay
_____ Endospore
B. Bacillus or Clostridium
_____ Magnetosome
C. A CO2-fixing autotrophic bacterium
_____ Capsule
D. Enterotoxic E. coli attaching to the small intestine
_____ S-Layer
E. A Sulfur-oxidizing lithotroph like Beggiatoa
_____ Gas vesicle
F. A cyanobacterium like Anabena
_____ Fimbriae
G. An Archaea with no pseudomurein
_____ Carboxysome
H. A microaerophile such as Aquaspirillum
BONUS Fill in the empty boxes for these familiar pathways. (1 point each).
Trait or Characteristic
Glycolysis
Pyruvate, NAD+, FAD+
Substrates
Products
O2: consumed,
produced, both or
neither?
Ethanol Fermentation
(reduction only)
Pyruvate, NADH
Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
Neither consumed or
produced
Mode of ATP formation
(SLP, ETP, both, or
none?)
High Energy
Phosphorylated
Intermediates
GTP
None
Fill in the empty boxes for these familiar pathways. (1 point each).
Trait or Characteristic
Electron Transport
Chain of Aerobic
Respiration
Substrates
Glucose, ADP, NAD+
Products
Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
(reduction only)
Pyruvate, NADH
H2O, NAD+
O2: consumed,
produced, both or
neither?
Mode of ATP formation
(SLP, ETP, both, or
none?)
High Energy
Phosphorylated
Intermediates
None
None