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BI 200 - Exam #2A Spring 2003 Name Lab Section Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., Multiple Choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Multiple Choice – 2 points each 1. The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with A) cell wall fluidity. B) cell membrane structures. C) taxic movements of the cell. D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria. 2. Which statement is true? A) Lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells. B) Peritrichous flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells. C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells. D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells. 3. Which of the following statements is (are) true? A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella. B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion. C) Pili serve as receptors and seem to be involved in bacterial conjugation. D) All of the above. 4. Glycogen granules A) are derived directly from either PHB or BHA. B) cannot be detected by light microscopy, even if iodine is added. C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy. D) none of the above. 5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is A) to provide buoyancy for the organism. B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion. D) none of the above BI 200 - Exam #2B Spring 2003 Name Lab Section Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., Multiple Choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Multiple Choice – 2 points each 1. The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with A) cell wall fluidity. B) cell membrane structures. C) taxic movements of the cell. D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria. 2. Which statement is true? A) Lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells. B) Peritrichous flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells. C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells. D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells. 3. Which of the following statements is (are) true? A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella. B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion. C) Pili serve as receptors and seem to be involved in bacterial conjugation. D) All of the above. 4. Glycogen granules A) are derived directly from either PHB or BHA. B) cannot be detected by light microscopy, even if iodine is added. C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy. D) none of the above. 5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is A) to provide buoyancy for the organism. B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion. D) none of the above 6. The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of A) various phospholipids. B) protein. C) carbohydrate. D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids. 7. Endospores are A) bacterial reproductive structures. B) able to withstand extreme environmental assaults. C) metabolically active D) all of the above 8. Biochemical synthesis of new cell material is called A) metabolism . B) anabolism. C) catabolism. D) synthatabolism. 9. Chemolithotrophs use which of the following as an energy source? A) organic compounds B) inorganic compounds C) both organic and inorganic compounds D) either organic or inorganic compounds, depending on the environment. 10. Which statement is true? A) Coenzymes are generally bound tightly to their respective enzymes. B) Prosthetic groups are generally bound tightly to their respective enzymes. C) Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are both bound tightly to their respective enzymes. D) Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are technically not bound to any enzymes. 11. The most important high energy phosphate compound in living organisms is A) glucose. B) GTP. C) RNA. D) ATP. 12. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is A) 1. B) 2. C) 4. D) 8. 13. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) water. D) ATP. 14. In chemiosmosis A) OH- accumulates on the outside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the inside. B) OH accumulates on the inside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the outside. C) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the inside of the membrane. D) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the outside of the membrane. 15. As each molecule of pyruvate traverses the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of CO2 are generated? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 16. The enzyme ammonia monooxygenase is most specifically associated with A) nitrification. B) denitrification. C) nitrogen fixation D) assimilatory nitrate reduction 17. The first step of dissimilative nitrate reduction involves A) nitrate reductase. B) nitrite reductase. C) nitrate oxidase. D) nitrite oxidase. 18. Methanogens are A) strict aerobes. B) strict anaerobes. C) facultative aerobes. D) facultative anaerobes. 19. Which are not visible under a light microscope? A) bacterial flagella B) eukaryotic cilia C) eukaryotic flagella D) none of the above, all are >200 nm in diameter 20. Bacterial flagella move in a manner that resembles _____________ and their energy source is _____________ A) oars; the proton gradient B) whips; ATP C) pseudopods; ATP D) propellers; the proton gradient 21. NADH is the most important _________ carrying molecule in the cell, while _______ is the most important energy high energy phosphate compound in living organisms a. carbon ; CoA b. electron ; ATP c. energy; glucose d. none of the above is correct 22. The oxidation of the six carbon atoms in glucose, C6H12O6, to 6 CO2 involves the transfer of _____ electrons to 6 O2. a. 0 b. 6 c. 12 d. 24 23. Which of the following is not a high-energy intermediate of glycolysis? a. b. c. d. e. phophoenolpyruvate 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate succinyl-CoA all of the above – none occur in glycolysis a, b,c – none are high energy intermediates 24. During aerobic respiration oxygen is consumed during a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) c. electron transport phosphorylation – electron transport chain plus ATPase d. all of the above e. none of the above 25. During aerobic respiration most of the ATP is produced during a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) c. electron transport phosphorylation – electron transport chain plus ATPase d. none of the above – it is produced equally e. none of the above – no ATP is produced 26. Which of the following would not be involved with electron transport phosphorylation? a. a membrane b. ATPase c. phosphoenolpyruvate d. cytochrome e. an external electron acceptor Couple H+/H2 NAD+/NADH C2H4O2/CO2 CO2/ CH4 Fe3+/Fe2+ O2/H2O Midpoint Potential -0.41 -0.32 -0.29 -0.24 +0.77 +0.82 (1 point) Which couple is written incorrectly (that is the reduced member of the pair written first)? (2 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction: Pyruvate + NADH Lactate + NAD+ Indicate the substrates, the products, the change in energy, and the activation energy. (1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the amount of activation energy required in that particular reaction? (2 points) Given the formula for lactic acid (C3H6O3) and pyruvate (C3H4O3), what is the average charge on the carbon atoms in each molecule? (2 points) H2 and CH4 are excellent fuels. Which would give more energy to support the growth of aerobic bacteria? Why? Couple H+/H2 NAD+/NADH C2H4O2/CO2 CO2/ CH4 Fe3+/Fe2+ O2/H2O Midpoint Potential -0.41 -0.32 -0.29 -0.24 +0.77 +0.82 (1 point) Which couple is written incorrectly (that is the reduced member of the pair written first)? (2 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction: Acetaldehyde + NADH ethanol + NAD+ Indicate the substrates, the products, the change in energy, and the activation energy. (1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the amount of activation energy required in that particular reaction? (2 points) Given the formula for acetaldehyde (C2H4O) and ethanol (C2H6O), what is the average charge on the carbon atoms in each molecule? (1 point) H2 and CH4 are excellent fuels. Which would give more energy to support the growth of aerobic bacteria? Why? Place a genus name in the blank space provided that matches the clue or description given (2 points each). There may be more than one correct answer, but put only one answer (no multiple guesses). A. _____________________. Any anaerobic respiratory bacterium B. _____________________. Any lithotroph. C. _____________________. Carries out homolactic acid fermentation. D. _____________________. Responsible for denitrification. E. _____________________. Any archaea. F. _____________________. A sulfur oxidizing bacterium. G. _____________________. Uses hydrogen gas as fuel. H. _____________________. An ironreducing bacterium. I. _____________________. An obligate anaerobe. J. _____________________. The only eukaryote listed K. _____________________. Used to prepare tequila. L. _____________________. An obligate aerobe. M. _____________________. Oxidizes Fe2+ at neutral pH. N. _____________________. Uses the enzyme Ammonium Monooxygenase (AMO). O. _____________________. Causes acid mine drainage Alcaligenes Aquifex Beggiatoa Desulfovibrio Escherichia Gallionella Geobacter Hydrogenobacter Lactobacillus Lactococcus Methanosarcina Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas Paracoccus Pseudomonas Saccharomyces Shewanella Streptococcus Sulfolobus Thiobacillus Zymomonas Place a genus name in the blank space provided that matches the clue or description given (2 points each). There may be more than one correct answer, but put only one answer (no multiple guesses). N. _____________________. Uses the enzyme Nitrate Oxidase (NO). A. _____________________. Any lithotroph. Alcaligenes Aquifex Beggiatoa Desulfovibrio Escherichia Gallionella Geobacter Hydrogenobacter Lactobacillus Lactococcus Methanosarcina Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas Paracoccus Pseudomonas Saccharomyces Shewanella Streptococcus Sulfolobus Thiobacillus Zymomonas B. _____________________. Any anaerobic respiratory bacterium C. _____________________. Carries out ethanologenic fermentation. D. _____________________. Responsible for nitrification. E. _____________________. Any archaea. F. _____________________. A sulfur or sulfate-reducing bacterium. G. _____________________. An obligate aerobe. H. _____________________. An ironreducing bacterium. I. _____________________. Uses hydrogen gas as fuel. J. _____________________. Reduces nitrate to nitrite K. _____________________. Used to produce cheese and yogurt. L. _____________________. The only eukaryote listed M. _____________________. Oxidizes Fe2+ at low pH. O. _____________________. An obligate anaerobe. Match the prokaryotic cell feature with the type of organism in (or on) which it might be found. (1 point each) _____ Sulfur granule A. A Sulfur-oxidizing lithotroph like Beggiatoa _____ Endospore B. A microaerophile such as Aquaspirillum _____ Magnetosome C. A CO2-fixing autotrophic bacterium _____ Capsule D. Enterotoxic E. coli attaching to the small intestine _____ S-Layer E. Bacillus or Clostridium _____ Gas vesicle F. A cyanobacterium like Anabena _____ Fimbriae G. An Archaea with no pseudomurein _____ Carboxysome H. Streptococcus mutans causing tooth decay Match the prokaryotic cell feature with the type of organism in (or on) which it might be found. (1 point each) _____ Sulfur granule A. Streptococcus mutans causing tooth decay _____ Endospore B. Bacillus or Clostridium _____ Magnetosome C. A CO2-fixing autotrophic bacterium _____ Capsule D. Enterotoxic E. coli attaching to the small intestine _____ S-Layer E. A Sulfur-oxidizing lithotroph like Beggiatoa _____ Gas vesicle F. A cyanobacterium like Anabena _____ Fimbriae G. An Archaea with no pseudomurein _____ Carboxysome H. A microaerophile such as Aquaspirillum BONUS Fill in the empty boxes for these familiar pathways. (1 point each). Trait or Characteristic Glycolysis Pyruvate, NAD+, FAD+ Substrates Products O2: consumed, produced, both or neither? Ethanol Fermentation (reduction only) Pyruvate, NADH Pyruvate, NADH, ATP Neither consumed or produced Mode of ATP formation (SLP, ETP, both, or none?) High Energy Phosphorylated Intermediates GTP None Fill in the empty boxes for these familiar pathways. (1 point each). Trait or Characteristic Electron Transport Chain of Aerobic Respiration Substrates Glucose, ADP, NAD+ Products Pyruvate, NADH, ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation (reduction only) Pyruvate, NADH H2O, NAD+ O2: consumed, produced, both or neither? Mode of ATP formation (SLP, ETP, both, or none?) High Energy Phosphorylated Intermediates None None